Mary Daly Radical Feminist Thoughts Research Paper

Mary Daly Radical Feminist Thoughts - Research Paper Example Her first distribution â€Å"The Church and the Second Sex† brought about her end as an instructor. Daly’s second distribution was â€Å"Beyond God the Father† in this distribution, she depicts God as a considerable subject. In her distributions, she follows Paul Tillich model who is known for his basic work in women's activist religious philosophy. Her third book distributed in 1978 â€Å"The Metaethics of Radical Feminism† shows how men from the beginning of time target persecuting ladies. In a portion of her distributions, she gives a portion of the serenades that can be utilized by ladies to liberate themselves from abuse. With this, this exploration paper gives the antiquated/old style sources that Daly utilizes in building her contentions about women's liberation. The paper will likewise give the subjects that Daly employments. In conclusion, how the topics are persuasive in the contemporary world. In her distributions, Daly utilizes Biblical chronicled stories for example the Genesis and the fall into opportunity. By utilizing these stories, she depicts how religion has made imbalances between Saxes by various dangerous strict examples. In her distribution, she contends that, ladies should manage men. The Biblical authentic stories are all around delineated in her distribution â€Å"Tillich’s Theological Influence on Mary Daly†. This masterpiece gives the manner of thinking of the extreme scholar women's activist Mary Daly. Daly connects with Tillich’s thought to draw out the part of woman's rights. In this distribution, Daly had various feelings on Tillich’s sexual life particularly concerning her significant other Hannah (Lyon1). Daly composes that Tillich communicates a type of strict doublethink, which makes him to be tricked consequently self-acknowledgment. In breaking down Tillich’s life Daly doesn't expressly associate the intensity o f the Supreme Being to sexual mistreatment. This content shows Tillich’s religious impact and thoughts in building her contention on women's liberation and how ladies are mistreated. In Daly’s book â€Å"Beyond God the Father: Towards a Philosophy of Women’s Liberation†, the writer brings out various subjects concerning ladies' freedom. In this book, she depicts the women's activist otherworldly program that she accepts that it is of extraordinary assistance to ladies. This is by how she accepts that ladies should have a spot in the current male centric strict hence making a solid establishment of women's activist religious philosophy. This is pointed towards ladies' freedom. In this book, Daly depicts how God is the main static and tyrant male figure. She plainly shows how father figure has prompted the enslavement of ladies (Daly 1986). This is on the grounds that a great many people accept that, the dad is the foundation of the frameworks of images. Sh e further cases that strict enslavement results to the oppression of every other zone in life social, political, and monetary. Along these lines, she expresses that, the women's activist otherworldly insurgency will supplant the conventional idea of women's liberation. Daly says that ladies should understand their own capability to beat male control (Daly 1986). She says that ladies ought to be prepared to guarantee that they get rid of all socially endorsed ladies manhandles, for example, female circumcision. The subsequent book, which contains various subjects of extraordinary assistance in this exploration paper, is â€Å"The Church and the Second Sex†. This book utilizes scriptural records to depict the job of ladies in the general public. It shows how ladies can get by in bondage. In this book, she shows how ladies feel that they are in a destitute world claimed by just ladies (Daly 1). The essayist likewise shows how Jesus rewarded a lady that is the connection among la dies and Jesus. In the New Testament, ladies are depicted as people, which obviously appears differently in relation to the advanced

Blogging and Privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Blogging and Privacy - Essay Example Ellen Simonetti (2004), a Delta Air Lines airline steward, for instance, was terminated after she posted some risky photographs of herself in uniform on her blog. Simonetti should give her blogger companions her day by day life as an airline steward through those photos, however shockingly, her photos turned into a purpose behind losing her employment. As a rule, visiting Simonetti's blog and looking into her photos are actually what most bloggers generally do. However, on the off chance that somebody would report her photos to someone without her authorization, thus Simonetti may lose her employment, this is surely an infringement of her protection. Provided that this is true, in what ways may Simonetti ensure her own data and security Despite any conceivable individual security issue, the quantity of websites is still consistently expanding, and the reasons for utilizing online journals is getting progressively differentiated starting with one blog then onto the next blog. Thus, considering such assorted variety, bloggers should cautiously consider the degree of divulgence of individual data dependent on the substance posted and the focused on crowd. The remainder of this logical factious paper is sorted out as following. In the initial two segments, two inverse inclinations of current bloggers towards their own data, for example, revealing versus secrecy or covering up, are talked about with advantages and drawbacks. At that point, in the following passage, it recommended approach to productively oversee such close to home data issue in blogging will be tended to. In conclusion, another accommodating proposal is clarified while finishing up this paper. The vast majority of the bloggers uncover their own data about themselves on web journals. Particularly, youthful age has an inclination to unveil their own data. As indicated by an examination led by David A. Huffaker, Ph.D. understudy at Northwestern University, and Sandra L. Calvert, teacher of Psychology at Georgetown University, Many high schooler bloggers uncover their first name (70%), age (67%), and contact data (61%) as an email address (2005, para.10). The motivation behind why teenager bloggers uncover such close to home data frequently appears to be unexpected. This is on the grounds that their motivation of keeping up web journals is frequently to build up a cozy relationship with different bloggers. By sharing such sort of close to home data given over, the high schooler bloggers coordinate the age bunches that they need, and stay in contact with one another outside the websites, as well. Starting here of view, websites are an augmentation of this present reality to young people wherein they make more companions and offer a matter of every day life. Notwithstanding revealing individual data, be that as it may, they likewise post journals and photographs which through and through get an opportunity of causing a security issue as which happened to Simonetti, a terminated attendant referenced previously. With respect to this issue, Mr. Henry G. Rhone, a bad habit executive at Virginia Commonwealth University, stated that [teen bloggers] have never had any issues with [their individual data and substance on their blogs], so they simply accept that when they're on the web, they're protected (cited in Read, 2006, para. 17). As Mr. Rhone called attention to, Simonetti's case is once in a while happened wonder for bloggers to understand its

A Brief History of Hacks

A Brief History of Hacks I was out meeting a friend and some of her friends that I didnt previously know last night, and the topic of school came up. (SIDE NOTE: that was the most difficult and awkward sentence Ive typed in a long time. I think the problem stems from not having a good word for friend of a friend. In the interest of furthering the human language, I propose we adopt exponential notation to denote level of friendship. I.e. A friend, or root-level friend is one that you personally know and like. A friend^2 would be a friend of a friend, a friend^3 would be a friend of a friend^2, etc. That would make things so much easier, for example: I was going to go to that convention with my friend, but a lot of friend^2s and friend^3s were there, so I felt like I wouldnt fit in. Plus I dont have a pair of cat ears to wear. See? Isnt that so much easier? Not to mention your most special friend, or friend^0 is the one. But I digress.) Anyway, were talking about school and I mention that I go to MIT and one of the girls asks: Do you participate in the annual prank? Relative frequency and vocabulary aside, I was a bit impressed that this girl knew about our hacks, because she was in an entirely different social sphere than MIT. The rest of the girls were a bit confused, so I explained to them what hacks were and began sharing a few of my favorite hacks throughout history, incuding the (in)famous police car on the dome, and the Caltech Cannon. Then this morning, I saw this slideshow of some of the more well-known hacks and figured itd be worth sharing: http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/gallery/100308_mit_hacks/ (SIDE NOTE: If youre a web developer, please please please, dont make slideshows where you have to click to load the next page for a single image. Every time you do, Richard Stallman thinks about doing away with the GPL. Use a gallery.) Some of my personal favorites that Ive seen are the music notes on the dome, the solar-powered T car (STILL more reliable than the red-line, even though for the first day it was broken) and of course, the upside-down-lounge. I cant wait to see what the hackers will come up with this year!

Essay about Globalization and the Effects on Population

Globalization and the Effects on Population: A Look at Projections, Theories, and Global Population Practices. â€Å"We in the West do not refrain from childbirth because we are concerned about the population explosion or because we feel we cannot afford children, but because we do not like children.† Germaine Greer, an Australian feminist writer, may or may not have been entirely serious when she wrote this statement, but the statement is an insightful one nonetheless. Greer hits on three major underlying themes that affect the study of global population trends. The first and often most important concern in population studies is that of a â€Å"population explosion.† Other important factors including the economic impact on population†¦show more content†¦Population Growth, â€Å"Explosion†, and the Forces of Globalization By the mid 1950’s it was already evident that a large population growth was occurring worldwide. Basic demographic stat istics show unprecedented population growth in the twentieth century. â€Å"In 1900 global population was 1.7 billion, in 1950 it reached 2.5 billion,† long term projections from the United Nations estimate that human population will reach the 6 million mark by the end of the twentieth century and furthermore they project a growth to a population of approximately 11.6 billion around the year 2200 . Most scholars, and even the United Nations statisticians themselves, will acknowledge that such long-term projections are at best simply nothing more than guesses. Despite this fact, these projections must still be acknowledged in order to plan for a future in which 11 billion people may have to share the scarce land and resources left in our world. The debate over population growth is one that is fierce, often over exaggerated, and clearly centered around the Malthusian dilemma. Alarmists will warn that the population is far outgrowing our food sources, therefore population growth must be the main cause of hunger. â€Å"In 1985, at the height of a major African drought, Colorado governor Richard D. Lamm wrote in the New York Times that the United States should stop giving emergency relief to African countries that failed to reduceShow MoreRelatedGlobalization : The World Of Politics And The Human Population1648 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization influences many aspects of human life, it is a process of change, the process of collaboration and integration among the people and businesses of different nations, it is a process propelled by trade, investment and technology. The process of globalization has great purpose for bring people together and sharing ideas however, it has effects on the environment, culture, the economy, politics and the human population (Globalization 101). Globalization has effected the environment dueRead MoreEconomic Gaps : Globalization A Real World View986 Words   |  4 PagesEconomic Gaps: Globalization-A Real World View The main sociological issue depicted in the video is globalization. Globalization deals with social changes that affect the world on an international scale. This is regarded as the most important social change of the 21st century because the entire world is connected and can communicate in a matter of seconds. This eases the flow of ideas, people, and material objects and allows a small change somewhere to spread and have far reaching effects. This videoRead MoreGlobalization And The Global Migration903 Words   |  4 Pagesthe country. Globalization is the global economic integration of the global market. In recent time, there were many migrations because of the process of globalization. In order for us to understand the causes and the effects of these migrations, we need to understand the relationship between globalization and global migration. Globalization is the primary reason why global migration occurs. Globalization is the (process of integration and development in the glob al market.) Globalization is a majorRead MoreEssay about Effects of Globalization on Ghana774 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Globalization on Ghana Globalization is a phenomenon that has conquered much of the world we live in today. From the depths of the most rural village to the world’s biggest cities, the effects of globalization are quite apparent. However, this paper aims to address the issues that globalization presents for countries in West Africa; more specifically, Ghana. To fully understand the situation of Ghana, we must look at the meaning of globalization and what it represents to Ghana andRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On Pakistan s Economy978 Words   |  4 Pages SYNOPSIS Topic: Globalization and its impact on Pakistan’s economy Submitted to: Miss Ayesha Submitted by: Syeda Fatima Nadir Semester: 6 Major: Economics Introduction: Globalisation is the processRead MoreEconomic Impact Of American Fast Food Upon Developing Countries Essay1736 Words   |  7 Pagesthese goals seem to follow the trends of globalization: investment, technological improvements, secure institutions, and a market economy. Countries that benefit the most from globalization are found to be of high-growth. The integration of a global economy in a country has prompted entrepreneurs to regard the world as one market in the form of franchising. With that being said, economic success can measure the effects of Western commercial globalization from the results of American fast food franchiseRead MorePoverty : A Economic Disparity Between The Rich And Poor1361 Words   |  6 Pagesincome gap in his quote: â€Å"No society can surely be flourishing and happy, of which the far greater part of the members are poor and miserable.† Due to Saudi Arabia’s vast oil wealth, there is a large amount of the population who live well and frui tful, but more than 20 percent of the population lives in crippling poverty (Baker, 2013). Poverty is usually defined in either absolute or relative terms. Absolute poverty refers to the standard of living, which is reflected in satisfying the needs for basicRead MoreEvaluate the Positive and Negative Effects of Globalization in China894 Words   |  4 PagesEvaluate the positive and negative effects of globalization in China Globalization, which is the process of enabling financial and investment markets to be operated widely and internationally, usually refers to the increasing global relationships of culture, people, and economic activities (Simon. J, 2002). It is generally used to represent economic globalization including the global distribution of the production of goods and services, through reduction of barriers to international trade suchRead MoreThe Effect of Globalization on Japan630 Words   |  3 Pages I will analyze the effects of globalization on Japan’s culture, worldview, population, environment, and environment. I will consider both the direct and indirect effects of globalization on Japan’s native and foreign inhabitants. My analysis will not be restricted to any specific geographic region of Japan; I will highlight issues that have widespread implications across Japan’s myriad prefectures. By merging two datasets from 2000, Cole, Elliot, and Shimamoto measured fourteen indicators ofRead MoreWhat Would Our World Look Like Today If Globalization Did Not Exist?1482 Words   |  6 PagesWhat would our world look like today if globalization did not exist? The answer is that it would look quite different from what we are used to today. Many of the products used every day by Americans have been made available and sold to us due to globalization. Globalization is the process or act in which values, technologies, and businesses spread internationally; connecting, sharing ideas and technologies and moving from their domestic roots to establish a worldwide influence as they expand their

Operations Management Definition - 1014 Words

Operations Management Definition Introduction In today s fast-paced ever-changing business world, organizations must deal with many diverse issues. These issues range from maintaining their competitive edge in a fierce marketplace to social, ethical and concerns regarding the health and well being of their employees. The advent of new technologies has created organizational efficiencies however; it is a well-known fact that healthcare has lagged behind other industries with regard to automation. Healthcare is being asked to provide high quality care with increased efficiency yet the patient population believes they are not receiving quality care. McCleave (1996) states that health care managers should look to manufacturing†¦show more content†¦This can be accomplished by instituting processes to get patients in to see the respective provider in a timely manner, and addressing all of the issues in an individual encounter. McCleave (1996) documents other methods to increase productivity and quality in th e healthcare setting. One would be to create an environment where the physician does only what he needs to do. This means that physicians need to shed duties that can be handled efficiently and in a cost effective manner by ancillary personnel, registered nurses or physician s assistants. Office efficiency is another area where improvements are possible. Processes should be evaluated as they relate to patient encounters and non-value adding steps should be eliminated. When one considers all the aforementioned possibilities for increasing efficiency it is very likely healthcare will not only realize cost savings but will be able to provide quality healthcare to the patient population thereby reducing the possibility of patients returning to the office on an emergent basis. Conclusion Operations management is as stated by Henderson is an evolutionary position that is needed for healthcare to prosper. 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Operation strategy is to implementRead MoreOperations Management Essay760 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper intends to define operations management and analyze an ethics decision made by operations managers in the workplace or in a known organization. Production and Operations Management (POM) is about the transformation of production and operational inputs into outputs that, when distributed, meet the needs of customers. The process is often referred to as the ConversionRead MoreManufacturing Execution Systems Join The Cyber Physical Part Of Production1245 Words   |  5 Pagespart of production with virtual manufacturing services and business level operations. Unfortunately, most of the existing architectures follow the paradigm of hierarchical MES placed between the control systems and business application level. They have fixed interfaces to production facilities and a predefined set of services. 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Operations management from quality perspective 6 3.1Quality: 6 3.2Total Quality Management Perspective 7 3.2.1Total quality management 7 3.2.2 Quality Improvement and Role of Employees 9 4. Operations management from operational excellence perspective 11 5. Reference: 12 1. Introduction Globalization in market, development inRead MoreImpact of E-Commerce on Operations Management Essay2267 Words   |  10 PagesOperations management has had to deal with a new type of business management in a business world that is vastly changing with new technology. Operations managers have had to adjust and retool how business is done since the inception of e-commerce. The impact that e-commerce has had on how an operations manager address a situation can vary from extreme to barely noticeable. Management has also had to learn how to adopt new technology with the growing e-commerce world. 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These resources include labour, materials and capital equipment. The following definition reflects the nature of Operations management: Operations management is about the way organizations produce goods and services. Everything you wear, eat, sit on, use, read or knock about

Short Story Sonny Blues Free Essays

In James Baldwin’s, Sonny’s Blues, he uses many different symbols throughout his short story to present the overall theme of suffering to the reader. He uses symbols such as music, characters facial expressions and the presence of ice, light and darkness. In the very beginning of the story when the narrator is reading the paper and he comes across the news of his brother, Sonny, he says, â€Å"A great block of ice got settled in my belly and kept melting there slowly all day long†. We will write a custom essay sample on Short Story Sonny Blues or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Baldwin 600) He also says â€Å"†¦it was a special kind of ice. It kept melting, sending trickles of ice water all up and down my veins, but it never got less. † (Baldwin 600) This is not the only time that the ice presents itself. It reappears when the narrator meets one of Sonny’s friends who is also a drug addict, and again later when Sonny is over for dinner with the narrator’s family. The ice that appears whenever the narrator feels an uncomfortable or painful situation represents how the narrator is incapable of dealing with his own emotions well. The ice also allows the reader to empathize with how the narrator feels about how his brother is leading his life. Another symbol Baldwin uses throughout Sonny’s Blues is light and darkness. Throughout the story there is a contrast of light and darkness. For example, in the first paragraph of the story, Sonny’s Blues Baldwin writes, â€Å"I stared at it in the swinging lights of the subway car, and in the faces and bodies of the people, and in my own face, trapped in the darkness which roared outside. † (Baldwin 599) This contrasts the lightness and the darkness. It demonstrates the contrast between his own suffering and the world around him and the suffering of the world. Another example of lightness and darkness Baldwin uses in the short story is when the narrator’s mother is recalling the story of the narrator’s father and his brother she says â€Å"there was a moon that night, it was bright like day. † (Baldwin 607) This is when the narrator’s father and his brother are having a good time and walking home. This brightness of the moon is used to represent the light, which represents all the hope and good things in life. The narrator’s mother later recalls, â€Å"he says he never in his life seen anything as dark as that road after the lights of that car had gone away. (Baldwin 608) Referring to after the narrator’s father’s brother had been hit and killed. The color of the men’s skin also represents the contrast between light and darkness. The men that killed the narrator’s father’s brother were all white and the other two men were dark skinned. This is also an example of the con trasting of light and dark. This shows how the difference of something in the same situation can both have two different results. Meaning that both the light men and the dark men were drunk. They were each also having fun. The situations were both similar, but the end results of each situation were very different. One of the dark men lost their life to the light men. The darkness is used to represent the tormenting and dark moments in the characters lives. The darkness however is always stabilized with lightness. Just like the dark road was stabilized with the lightness of the car lights. This light is used to signify safety and comfort, while the darkness represents the turmoil also looking to destroy that safety and comfort. Another way Baldwin symbolizes the overall theme of suffering is through the character’s facial expressions and interactions. Baldwin writes â€Å"And I watched her face as she laughingly responded to something someone said to her, still keeping time to the music. When she smiled one saw the little girl, one sensed the doomed, still struggling women beneath the battered face of the semi-whore. † (Baldwin 602) This shows that even under her â€Å"battered face† there was still a glimpse of when she was young. The narrator can see her as a young innocent little girl. This shows the reader that there is hope even in suffering. Baldwin is also trying to get his point across that even though one may suffer, the suffering will not change the past and whom you are or have become. Another example of how Baldwin incorporates the facial expressions of his characters to help promote the overall theme of suffering is when the narrator is on the subway in the first few sentences of the short story. He writes, â€Å"I stared at it in the swinging lights of the subway car, and in the faces of the bodies of the people, and in my own face, trapped in the darkness. † (Baldwin 600) This illustrates that not only does the narrator feel and see suffering inside himself and his own face, but he also sees it inside the faces of others and the surroundings around him. This also proves that the overall effect of suffering is visible to one who is suffering themselves, like that of the narrators. Baldwin also promotes the theme of Sonny’s Blues by using the presence of music. The entire short story is loaded with occasions of music. The overall title of the story even contains music. â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†, promotes the tone and theme of suffering throughout the entire story. It provides the reader with information that there will be suffering in the story. Giving them an idea of what is to come before even being read. Another example of music is Sonny’s growing love for playing the piano. The narrator states â€Å"†¦Sonny was so serious about his music and how, as soon as he came in from school, †¦he went straight to that piano and stayed there until suppertime. †, â€Å"He was at the piano all day Saturday and all day Sunday. † (Baldwin 612) This tells the reader of Sonny’s love for music. It illustrates how the music is Sonny’s safety and allows him to not suffer. When Baldwin makes it clear to the reader that Isabel and her mother grow tired of the music, â€Å"it wasn’t like living with a person at all, it was like living with sound. And the sound didn’t make any sense to her, didn’t make any sense to any of them – naturally. (Baldwin 612) This proves that music can both heal suffering but also create it. The music for Sonny was a safety. To Sonny the music made him feel at ease and helped to subside his suffering. It wasn’t until after Sonny stopped playing the piano and his records that he began to truly feel the power of his suffering. Although the music was a medicine to Sonny’s suffering, it was the cause of suffering for Isabel and her mother. This suffering caused Isabel’s mother to snap and yell at Sonny. This caused Sonny to stop playing the piano and thus the true suffering began. Another example of suffering and music is when the narrator witnesses the meeting on the corner. He watches the battered people play their music and notices their suffering. He says, â€Å"As the singing filled the air the watching, listening faces underwent a change, the eyes focusing on something within; the music seemed to soothe a poison out of them; and time seemed, nearly, to fall away from the sullen, belligerent, battered faces, as though they were fleeing back to their first condition, while dreaming of their last. † (Baldwin 615) Showing again how music can be a safety and a rescuer to not only Sonny but others as well. By the narrator stating this it shows that it is noticeable of the change in expression music brings as it lessens the sufferings of those who play. â€Å"Sonny’s fingers filled the air with life, his life. † (Baldwin 620) Near the end of Baldwin’s story Sonny plays his music once again. To most, the music Sonny plays is merely for entertainment. But to some it is a story, Sonny’s story. As Sonny plays, the narrator notices the things his brother has been through and felt. While Sonny plays the narrator notices both his brother’s suffering as well as his own. How to cite Short Story Sonny Blues, Essay examples

Mary Englund`s Essays - Asceticism, Nun, , Term Papers

Mary Englund`s This paper is an attempt to discuss the biography of Mary Englund's An Indian Remembers based on her childhood experiences in a Christian European convent. Her story starts from the day she is taken away from her family to be civilized in a distant residential school. Englund's experience in the school could be described as European way of civilizing the young native people that includes compulsory assimilation, segregation, control and racism. The concept of civilization is perceived to be for the best interest of the Indian community, or at least this is what it seems to appear like. Thus, this paper will tackle the issues of methods used to civilize the Natives and its effects on Englund's personality and mentality as well as the real purpose behind civilization. Is it really for the best interest of the Indian people or is it a form of exploitation of the Natives to benefit the European colonialists? Assimilation is one form used to civilize the native children. This seems to put Englund to a lot of curiosity eventually to confusions. On her first day in Mission, Englund learns about the assimilation policy implemented by the convent which draws out her curiosity about its purpose. In her experience, she learns that boys and girls live in separate buildings and wonders why. She appears curious and thus questions a lot but she gets no decent answer to satisfy her curiosity. Englund also observes girls being divided in groups to certain tables during meals and girls are assigned to different jobs, some goes to the dormitory while others to kitchen or classrooms. Again, she does not seem to understand the purpose of these procedures. This explains her ignorance about the system of a Christian convent. Anyhow, she seems to let go of her curiosity and simply accept it as a form of instruction she ought to follow with no question asked. With all these curiosities, she has possibly developed a sense of confusion on why things are done in these manners. Another form used by the school is by segregation. Through this, Englund seems to suffer from isolation. Englund recalls when a priest takes her from her family (430). While she is expected to feel sad leaving her mother, she seems to feel nothing but excitement. She says that "We were left alone so many times we never had the tendency to say, ?Well, I'm sorry I'm going to go away and leave my mother' because we were alone most of the time." (431) Due to her mother's recurrent absence, it seems like Englund does not have the chance to bond with her which explains her coldness towards her mother. Though one would be induced to concur to this, Englund does not totally blame her mother as she recognizes the sacrifice she has to make to feed them. When she arrives in the Mission, she is then separated from her brother. Englund makes a few friends in the convent but as she learns that she could not trust anyone, she possibly voluntarily distant herself from others. In one instance, they are told not to discuss their school activities with their parents but there is one girl who does it and hence she gets reprimanded for that. Due to this incident Englund becomes cautious not to be seen doing anything inappropriate or else she is bound to be scolded by the nuns. As she grows older, she learns to bottle up her feelings knowing that telling a soul could possibly cause her a punishment. Being away from the people she cares about and finding no one to trust among her classmates, Englund's narration suggests that she suffers from isolation. Though she may think that she could trust her mother, she dare not tell her anything fearing that someone would tell the nuns. It seems like Englund has no choice but to keep her feelings and opinions to herself causing her loneliness. Moreover, the nuns have full control over the native children by means of strict surveillance and punishments. This seems to be the cause of the development of Englund's rebellious nature. No matter where they are, in or out of school, the nuns have their eyes on them. In the school, nuns are always at the look out, to ensure that children are doing their dormitory routines perfectly. Even during their domestic activities like cleaning, mending socks and sewing, the nuns instil perfection in their works. Being new and ignorant, Englund often makes mistakes. She tends to become rebellious whenever her pride and

Is the Gulf War Syndrome Real essays

Is the Gulf War Syndrome Real essays On August 2, 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait. The United States government acted very quickly. Ships were dispatched to the Persian Gulf, and oil prices shot up as and oil embargo was placed against Iraq. The U.S. government told us that Saddam Hussein was poised to invade the neighboring countries, including Saudi Arabia, and the worlds oil supply was threatened. George Bush launched operation "Desert Shield" in which a coalition of many nation's armies gathered in the deserts of Saudi Arabia bordering Iraq As the war began, the coalition of national armies assembled in Saudi Arabia took a few SCUD missile shots fired from Iraq. When the troops started moving in, Sadams army turned and tried to get out of Kuwait. The Iraqi "Republican Guard" stayed safely back, far from the fighting. Several hundred U.S. troops died in the brief battle, and ten's of thousands of Iraqis died. Many, if not most, of the U.S. deaths were the result of At this point, George Bush decided to bring the troops home. UN weapons inspectors converged on Iraq and the coalition armies dispersed. Perhaps the most hyped war in history was now over. It was almost certainly the war most orchestrated for the media. All the troops had been drilled for months in preparation for a tremendous battle and possibly chemical and biological weapons. Suddenly it was over. They were sent home and returned to their normal everyday lives. Memories of the threat of chemical and Years pass before rumors begin to surface, a veteran suddenly died for no known cause there was a veteran who developed an enormous tumor and there was a veteran who's new child is severely malformed. The threat of chemical and biological weapons returns to everyones memory. People start thinking that perhaps this is the cause of all The threat seemed very real. If it could be demonstrated that Gulf War veterans are suffering from the effects o...

Pochteca - Elite Long Distance Traders of Mesoamerica

Pochteca - Elite Long Distance Traders of Mesoamerica The Pochteca (pronounced pohsh-TAY-kah) were long-distance, professional Aztec merchants and traders who provided the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan and other major Aztec city-states with luxury and exotic items from faraway lands. The pochteca also worked as information agents for the Aztec empire, keeping tabs on their far-flung client states and uneasy neighbors such as Tlaxcallan. Long Distance Trade in Mesoamerica The Aztec pochteca were not the only merchants in Mesoamerica: there were many regional-based commercial actors who distributed fish, maize, chile and cotton; their activities provided the backbone of the economic society in the regions. The pochteca were a special guild of these merchants, based in the valley of Mexico, who traded in exotic goods throughout Mesoamerica and acted as a social and economic connection between the various regions. They interacted with the regional merchants, who in turn acted as middlemen for the pochtecas wider networks. Pochteca is sometimes used as a generic word for all Mesoamerican long-distance traders; but the word is a Nahua (Aztec) word, and we know much more about the Aztec pochteca because we have written recordsthe codexessupporting their history. Long distance trade began in Mesoamerica at least as long ago as the Formative period (2500-900 BC), in societies such as the Olmec; and the classic period Maya. Long distance traders in Maya communities were called ppolom; compared to the Aztec pochteca, the ppolom were loosely confederated and did not join guilds. Pochteca Social Organization The pochteca held a special status in Aztec society. They were not nobles, but their position was higher than any other non-noble person. They were organized into guilds and lived in their own neighborhoods in the capital cities. The guilds were restricted, highly controlled and hereditary. They kept their trade secrets about routes, exotic goods sources and connections across the region restricted to the guild membership. Only a few cities in the Aztec empire could claim to have a leader of a pochteca guild in residence. The pochteca had special ceremonies, laws and their own god, Yacatecuhtli (pronounced ya-ka-tay-coo-tli), who was the patron of commerce. Even if their position provided them with wealth and prestige, the Pochteca were not allowed to show it in public, in order not to offend the nobles. However, they could invest their wealth in the ceremonies for their patron god, organizing rich feasts and carrying out sophisticated rituals. Evidence of the effects of long distance trade by pochteca is found at Paquime (Casas Grandes) in Northern Mexico, where trade in exotic birds such as scarlet macaws  and quetzal birds, marine shell and polychrome pottery was based, and extended into societies of New Mexico and Arizona. Scholars such as Jacob van Etten have suggested the pochteca traders are responsible for the diversity of precolumbian maize, transporting seeds throughout the region. The Pochteca and the Aztec Empire The pochteca had the freedom to travel all over the empire even in lands not subjected to the Mexica emperor. That put them in a terrific position to work as spies or informants for the Aztec state. This also meant that political elites deeply mistrusted the pochteca, who wielded their economic prowess to establish and guard their trade routes and secrets. In order to obtain precious and exotic items such as jaguar pelts, jade, quetzal plumes, cocoa, and metals, pochteca had special permission to travel across foreign lands and were often escorted by armies along with servants and carriers. They were also trained as warriors since they often suffered attacks from the population who saw in the Pochteca another aspect of the yoke of the Aztec empire. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com guide to the Aztec Civilization and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Berdan FF. 1980. Aztec Merchants and Markets: Local-Level Economic Activity in a Non-Industrial Empire. Mexicon 2(3):37-41. Drennan RD. 1984. Long-distance movement of goods in the Mesoamerican formative and classic. American Antiquity 49(1):27-43. Grimstead DN, Pailes MC, Dungan KA, Dettman DL, Tagà ¼eà ±a NM, and Clark AE. 2013. Identifying the origin of southwestern shell: a geochemical application to Mogollon Rim archaeomolluscs. American Antiquity 78(4):640-661. Malville NJ. 2001. Long distance transport of bulk goods in the pre-hispanic American southwest. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 20(2):230-443. Oka R, and Kusimba CM. 2008. The Archaeology of Trading Systems, Part 1: Towards a New Trade Synthesis. Journal of Archaeological Research 16(4):339-395. Somerville AD, Nelson BA, and Knudson KJ. 2010. Isotopic investigation of pre-Hispanic macaw breeding in Northwest Mexico. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 29(1):125-135. van Etten J. 2006. Molding maize: the shaping of a crop diversity landscape in the western highlands of Guatemala. Journal of Historical Geography 32(4):689-711. Whalen M. 2013. Wealth, Status, Ritual, and Marine Shell at Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, Mexico. American Antiquity 78(4):624-639. Whalen ME, and Minnis PE. 2003. The Local and the Distant in the Origin of Casas Grandes, Chichuahua, Mexico. American Antiquity 68(2):314-332. White NM, and Weinstein RA. 2008. The Mexican Connection and the Far West of the U.S. Southeast. American Antiquity 73(2):227-278. Updated by K. Kris Hirst

Statement of Purpose Personal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Of Purpose - Personal Statement Example I have recently completed my graduation in field of business finance from Edmonds community college. My basic aim is to get admission in the master degree program in order to gain an in-depth understanding of all issues and concepts related to businessI think this is a right time for me to pursue a master level degree in business as I have not only completed my graduation but also it will help me get a good job upon completion. My good grades in the business related subjects, such as, economic, finance, accounting, and math, which I studied at the bachelor level, also show my extreme interest in studying business. The University of Washington Bothell is known for its well-experienced faculty not only in the field of business management but also in all other subjects that are being offered by the university. It is due to the highly qualified faculty of this university, that today I feel satisfied while thinking of getting admission in this prestigious university. I want to complete my masters under the guidance of well-experienced faculty of the University of Washington Bothell, as it will help me become a highly qualified business expert with excellent command over economics and finance. I have a desire to make educational and professional progress in the field of business management because of my huge interest in this field. I also want to take part in the industrial development and economic progress of my country. I want to be able to analyze the development of debenture certificates, GDP, and other matters related to economics. I have a belief that a country can progress in every field of life only if its citizens get high quality education from the most prestigious universities of the world. I have collected information from various sources about the universities that offer master degree program in business. Through the research, I have come to know that the University of Washington Bothell is the most suitable university, which can help me fulfill my aim t o get a masters degree in the field of business. I am seeking a career in some field related to business management, and that can only be possible if I get an opportunity to study under the supervision of highly qualified faculty of this university. In graduation, my main courses were economics, accounting, math, and English, whereas, some of the minors included psychology, health, and physics. I got good grades in all of these courses, which is a strong proof of my academic skills. I believe that my relevant educational background and interest in business management make me a suitable candidate for getting admission in the University of Washington Bothell. Another thing, which I would like to mention here, is that I had always been one of the position holders at my school and college. I have the ability to contribute to the educational experience of other students studying at the University of Washington Bothell. I can help my class fellows understand complex issues related to econ omics, accounting, and other business related subjects. Some of my core strengths and abilities include: Excellent interpersonal communication skills Excellent critical thinking skills due to excessive reading Ability to mix up with the people belonging to different backgrounds and cultures, as I have been a foreign student in the United States since 2008 Good understanding of different issues related to business management, and Knowledge of two key languages, which include, English and Chinese I also possess the ability to contribute to the recreational experience of other students studying at the university. I can teach them music as well as some key techniques related to soccer. I was the captain of my club and college soccer teams in China. As a captain, I won many titles for my teams at

Compare three companies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Compare three companies - Essay Example 1 in the overall mobile phone market; with its revenues skyrocketing and sales to end users growing 19 percent in the second quarter of 2013 .This paper is an attempt to identify the key tactics and measures adopted by Samsung to reach the top slot of consumer market all over the world. Apple and Samsung have been rivals of each other over a number of years for acquiring the entitlement for the best Smartphone manufacturer. In the recent past, Apple has convincingly won the best Smartphone provider in the past years. After the loss of its iconic mastermind Steve Job, Apple has lost its hold on the market and is receiving tough competition from Samsung. Samsung, on the other hand, has shot to fame by breaking his own previous sales records by consistently improving the quality of its smartphones, giving high-quality products like the Samsung Galaxy and giving lots of new features with every version of its smart phone range. Although Sony is not far behind but it will take time to comp ete on an equal scale with Samsung. Sony had established its name quite firmly in the television, LCD, LED, gadgets, and cellphone manufacturing industry but Samsung has now taken the lead in this context and is capturing the TV market by developing LED, LCD with more advanced technology and more user friendly features under reasonable rates. After the not so successful launch of iPhone5, Apple has quietly predicted that the new iPhone 5S will be the first ever Apple phone that has been created primarily to compete with Samsung and will give a tough competition in head to head sales. If both company’s latest smartphones are analyzed, then it becomes clear that the image of Samsung is in every way a step ahead from Apple because of its unique production techniques. It is important to have a comparison of iPhone5S and Samsung Galaxy S4 specs to understand the difference between the latest offerings from each vendor. Both these sets were introduced in 2013. DISPLAY Samsung Apple Physical size 5.0 inches 4.0 inches    Resolution 1080 x 1920 pixels 640 x 1136 pixels    Pixel density 441 ppi 326 ppi    Technology Super AMOLED IPS LCD    Colors 16 777 216 16 777 216    Touchscreen Capacitive, Multi-touch Capacitive, Multi-touch    Features Light sensor, Proximity sensor, Scratch-resistant glass (Corning Gorilla Glass) Light sensor, Proximity sensor    HARDWARE System chip Qualcomm Snapdragon 600 APQ8064T Apple A6    Processor Quad core, 1900 MHz, Krait 300 Dual core, 1300 MHz, Apple Swift    Graphics processor Adreno 320 PowerVR SGX543MP3    System memory 2048 MB RAM (Dual-channel) / LPDDR3 1016 MB RAM (Dual-channel, 1066 MHz) / LPDDR2    Built-in storage 16 GB 16 GB    Storage expansion microSD, microSDHC, microSDXC up to 64 GB       (Han) From the above comparison, it becomes clear that Samsung is taking the lead in almost every aspect related to producing a great and fully loaded smart phone. The only edge that iPhone 5s seem to have over Samsung’s Galaxy S4 is that iPhone tends to be much lighter but still Samsung’s S4 offers so much more and is also having a handy look to suit all sorts of customers. The strange thing which is noticed by the users of android is that the new version of Apple ios7 is almost a replica to the android users, which is a controversial topic. It is crystal clear that the iPhone is actually adopting android interface software to give their iPhone a different look. The new version of

Aids and its History :: Free AIDS Essays

For the fast several years an AIDS vaccine has been the key focus in AIDS research. While the government sees the vaccine as a termination to the disease, but a portion of the public along with many renowned scientists from around the world would argue against a vaccine. The United Nations and the US military have threatened to administer a mandatory vaccine to children at the age of 12 and all military employees. Reports predict a massive resistance to a mandatory AIDS vaccine in the US. (www.newsmax.shtml) The Committtee to Protect Medical Freedom warned that the vaccine would infact put more people at risk of contracting the deadly disease. AIDS is not like polio or smallpox, which can occur randomly without any warning; the public already knows how to avoid this disease.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Coverage of ‘promising’ vaccines is extremely misleading, and those being tested so far appear harmful and dangerous. (newsmax.com) Even with the disparencies surrounding these vaccines, the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases is sponsoring an HIV vaccine test on babies born to HIV-infected mothers. The program has admitted that a small percentage of their trial applicants have indeed become infected, but now have access to the best medical care available. The available data on such vaccines gives no basis for testing on humans. Scientists and Government officials have been debating on this issue for many years now. However, the divergence of AIDS and HIV has a long and tedious history full of twists and turns and dead end roads.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Little to nothing was known about AIDS when it first erupted in the late 1970s. When the epidemic finally reached noticeable proportions in the early 1980s, numerous hypotheses emerged. â€Å"Theories attempting to explain the origin of the disease ranged from the comic to the bizarre: a deadly germ escaped from a CIA laboratory: God sent the plague down to punish homosexuals and drug addicts: it came from outer space, riding on the tail of a comet.† (newdawnmagazine.com) Though some of the theories were outlandish, a few hold ample evidence. Among the theories dismissed and rejected by the government were those of covert human medical experimentation and primate viruses. The government ignored all the dangerous viral creations that were genetically altered for cancer research, vaccine research, and secret biological warfare. (newdawnmagazine.com) There are claims that the polio vaccine given to Africans in the late 1950s was prepared using chimp kidney cel ls that were contaminated with the ancestor virus of HIV.

Nutrition Implications in Complex Disease: Whole Grain Oat Cereal Lowers Serum Lipids

Coronary heart disease, CHD, has been predicted to persist as the major cause of high mortality rate for the coming decades. In line with this, the development of ischemic heart disease was attributed to the increasing level of low-density lipoprotein or LDL blood cholesterol. According to the National Cholesterol Education Program or NCNEP adult treatment panel, less than or equal to 5. 17 millimole per liter (200 milligram per deciliter) is the ideal blood cholesterol level for individuals of age higher than 20 years while higher than 6. 21 millimole per liter or 240 milligram per deciliter is risky. In connection to this, about twenty nine percent of adults older than 20 years in the United States have 6. 21 millimoles per liter blood cholesterol. Meanwhile, researches have shown that consumption of dietary soluble fibers lowers blood cholesterol level as epidemiologic studies revealed that the CHD development can be alleviated by means of dietary fiber consumption. In fact, more than thirty researches that were submitted to the Food and Drug Administration of the United States by the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Report validated the efficacy of soluble fiber consumption on blood cholesterol reduction. Clinical studies showed that soluble fibers from selected gums, psyllium, oat bran, pectin, and oats generally caused six percent to nineteen percent serum cholesterol reduction. Since the low cholesterol and low saturated fat diet has been employed in hypercholesterolemia medical therapy, this study aimed for the assessment of commercially available whole grain oat cereal, as employed with the step-one diet of the American Heart Association (AHA), in the reduction of blood cholesterol level. Methodology This study has enlisted fifty-seven participants from previous researches advocated by the Heart Disease Prevention Clinic. While forty-six of these participants have joined the intervention phase, only forty-three persevere and endured until the end. The participants have ages in between twenty-seven and sixty-eight years with 50th to 90th percentile range of cholesterol level based on age and gender adjustments. In the recruitment of participants, individuals with higher than 3. 39 millimole per liter of triglycerides, a body weight thirty percent higher than ideal, has major surgery and myocardial infarction history, gastrointestinal illness, unstable angina or heart failure was excluded form the enlistment. Also, those who were presently in taking up drugs for medication such as lipid-lowering agents, thiazides, antibiotics, estrogens, corticosteriods, and progesterones were excluded. In line with this, those who were taking ?-adregenic blockers needed to maintain the dosage of such drug during the duration of the study for them to become eligible. Finally, twenty-one men and twenty-two women were successfully made into the phases of this study. The phases of the intervention plan were four-week washed out stage, two-week baseline, and four-week treatment part. Throughout the intervention phases, the participants were required to maintain weight while consuming about ready-to-eat cereals twice daily within four weeks. In connection to this, all participants were mandated to abide with the AHA step-one diet design during the duration of the study. Meanwhile, physiological data such as weight, nutrient data, and lipid profiles of the participants were determined from zero to four-week baseline. Moreover, the nutrient data based on four-day food records were evaluated by the National Coordinating Center. In the intervention plan, pairing of participants was done based on gender and entry cholesterol data, whereas in each pair one was assigned to â€Å"Country Cornflakes† while the other has undergone the â€Å"Cheerios† diet. The former was the control cereal while the latter was the source of whole grain oat. Both of these cereal types were produced through cereal processing equipment and each were pre-packed into 42. 5 grams upon distribution to the participant. This was done in order to hide the identity of the commercial cereals used in this study. In connection to this, the researchers also ensured which cereal type was assigned to whom and the participants’ adherence to the consumption design by personal interviews and visitation. Meanwhile, the participants’ clinical assessment, as approved by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, was done after twelve-hour and twenty-four fasts from food and alcoholic drinks respectively. In every visit, blood pressure, lipid profile, pulse, and body weight were accurately measured. In relation to this, participants have undergone clinical screening such as urinalysis, blood count, electrocardiogram, and physical examination. The lipid content of the blood collected through sodium-potassium ethylenediamine tetraacetic was analyzed in the University of Minnesota’s laboratory for Lipid Research Core. The high-density lipoprotein or HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were determined. Also, very-low density lipoprotein or VLDL and LDL were precipitated; Friedewald formula was utilized for LDL calculation. Lastly, the cholesterol data of the participants before undergoing the treatment was statistically compared with their respective cholesterol data analyzed after the intervention phases by means of t-tests and analyses of covariance. Results and Discussion The participants in this study were equally divided into two groups; the control group received cornflakes food supply while the treatment group was fed on whole grain oat. Both groups have 51. 6 years as average age of the participants. Although the baseline body weight of the treatment group was five kilogram lower as compared with that of the control group, the difference did not make statistics significance. As such, there was no significant difference on the body mass index or BMI, and the baseline and post-intervention phase blood pressure among the two groups. Further, personal interviews on the participants revealed that their smoking and alcohol drinking habits as well as regular exercise in either group was maintained throughout the study. Luckily, complete blood count and blood chemistry of the participants did not change significantly during the study period. In terms of fat consumption, the total intake of the treatment group was decreased non-significantly from 56. 7 grams to 51. 8 grams. Moreover, the average diet changes were 11. 2 milligrams per deciliter and +4. milligrams per deciliter for the treatment group and the control group respectively. Similarly, among the two groups, there was no significant difference on the key nutrients before and after the duration of intervention phases. Except for soluble fiber, there were no other significant changes with respect to diet composition among the two groups. Meanwhile, whole-grain oat group incurred 3. 8% and 5. 4% changes on total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol respectively. As compare with the control group, the treatment group had a decreased of 4. % in total cholesterol and 4. 9% LDL cholesterol. Although, there was no significant difference in HDL cholesterol between the two groups, they had a 0. 20 millimole per liter LDL cholesterol difference. The exact mechanism of the cholesterol reduction was still unclear. It was theorized that the viscosity of soluble fibers lessen the rate of chime transfer in the upper gastrointestinal tract that causes low absorption rates, less blood nutrients, and changes in hormonal responses to delimited nutrients. In their hamsters study, Gallaher, Hassel, and Lee associated the reduction of plasma and liver cholesterol to the increase in the viscosity of the intestinal contents. However, viscosity was deemed only as a crucial requirement for the reduction of serum cholesterol. In this connection, it was proposed that soluble fibers hinder bile activity lessening the absorption rate. This process obstructs enterohepatic circulation leading to fast conversion rate of cholesterol to bile acids. In addition, other compound constituent of the fibers may also promote this process. For instance, tocotrienol in rice bran, oats, and barley inhibits cholesterol synthesis. Furthermore, the soluble fiber fermentation produces chain fatty acids which in turn hinder cholesterol biosynthesis. Changes in Serum Cholesterol and Sterol Metabolites after Intake of Products Enriched with an Oat Bran Concentrate within a Controlled Diet Introduction The United States Food and Drug Administration or FDA, in 1997, approved the notion concerning soluble fiber consumption and coronary heart disease or CHD risk reduction. The serum cholesterol or S-cholesterol reduction was ascribed to the soluble fiber, (1-3),(1-4) ?-D-glucan or simply ?-glucan present in oats and whole oat flour. Based on clinical claims, the consumption of three grams of ?-glucan per day results to S-cholesterol lowering and CHD risk reduction. Meanwhile, the S-cholesterol lowering mechanism was theorized to depend largely on increased bile acid activity due to viscous ?-glucan which in turn induces cholesterol and bile acid biosyntheses. The rate of cholesterol and bile acid biosyntheses can be traced on through the ratio of lathosterol to cholesterol and the presence of 7-?-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, respectively. Thus, this study aimed to assess the S-lowering of oat bran concentrate or OBC food products incorporated in the low-saturated fat and low-cholesterol diet of hypercholesterolaemic patients. Also, the OBC effect on bile acid and cholesterol biosyntheses were examined. Methodology The recruitment of the respondents for this study was done through newspaper advertisement. Twenty-seven individuals were examined but only sixteen has passed the screening and participated in the study. The participants should have ages of 35-70 years and 50-70 years for men and women respectively. In addition, all participants should have less than six millimoles per liter S-cholesterol level. On the other hand, individuals with less than four millimoles per liter S-triacylglycerol or TG, hyperlipedaemia, less than 30 kilogram per meter square body mass index or BMI, and with cases diabetes mellitus, liver disease, thyroid problems or kidney trouble and those under hormonal therapy or cholesterol medication were excluded. Hence, the final participants were composed of seven women and nine men with average age of 57 years, 25. 4 kilogram per meter square BMI, and 7. 47 millimoles per liter S-cholesterol level. This study was a single-blind and randomized cross-over that lasted for two by three weeks with 2. 5 weeks washout period. As such, the experimental group was supplemented with OBC of about 2. 7 grams per day ?-glucan in their diet while the control group was told to maintain their typical diet. In relation to this, laboratory test such as fasting blood sampling and body weight recording were performed. The results of every clinical test were only revealed to the participants after the completion of the study. The American Heart Association recommended diet was utilized as computations of every participant’s daily food requirements and menu planning were facilitated by MATS computer program. Strict compliance with the diet was imposed through regular checking as amounts of sweet foods and drinks were regulated. For instance, maximum of 375 grams of wine or 660 milliliter of beer were only allowed per week. Additionally, participants were given copies of the foods they ate for the first week and told to stick to such as much as possible. Fasting blood sampling was done every morning as the blood samples were analyzed in terms of low density lipoprotein or LDL cholesterol, TG, and high density lipoprotein of HDL cholesterol, and S-cholesterol. Further, serum lathosterol and 7-?-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one levels were determined through gas chromatography. Meanwhile, statistical treatments were done by means of MS Excel and SYSTAT package. Pearson’s correlation and t-test were employed for correlational analysis and paired comparison respectively. Results and Discussion As compared with the control group, the experimental group has incurred six percent S-cholesterol reduction based on five-gram ?-glucan daily diet. In fact, a significant correlation S-cholesterol baseline level and total S-cholesterol changes during diet period were observed. In addition, changes on the serum metabolites which reflected bile acid secretion and cholesterol biosynthesis were noted. Moreover, the solubility of ?-glucan in OBC was calculated and found only as 50%. Weight losses which denoted S-cholesterol reduction also were observed. Meanwhile, due to the delimited fat intake, HDL-cholesterol reduction was noted as TG level was decreases in some participants only. Correlational changes on lathosterol and S-cholesterol implied cholesterol biosynthesis after oat diet. This observation was attributed to increase in bile acid production that was mediated by ?-glucan which in turn caused reduction in bile acid reabsorption. This process triggered bile acid synthesis through cholesterol from plasma pool by means of LDL-receptor. Yet, no significant change on serum lathosterol and 7-?-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one levels observed on participants. High-Fiber Oat Cereal Compared with Wheat Cereal Consumption Favorably Alters LDL-Cholesterol Subclass and Particle Numbers in Middle-Aged and Older Men Introduction High in fiber diet, in parallel with low-fat intake and other dietary factors, has been associated with the reduction of cardiovascular disease or CVD risk. Based on the meta-analyses of a number of studies, ?-glucan soluble fibers in oat products lessened serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein or LDL-cholesterol. It was inferred then that the capability of soluble fibers for CVD risk reduction is in concurrence with its capacity in modifying lipoproteins and serum lipids. In a number of cases, individuals with normal profile of serum lipids developed CVD. Thus, a closer examination on blood lipids attributes may provide insights on the possible CVD risk development and modify the efficacy of intervention for the prevention of such risk. However, no research has been conducted with respect to the effects of cereal and soluble fibers on lipoprotein subclasses, and particle size and number. Also, none has reported on lipoprotein and lipid changes brought either by carbohydrate, and cereal or oat diet. Hence, this study aimed to determine cereal or oat diet on plasma lipid indexes such as LDL particle number, and lipoprotein subclasses and particle diameter. Methodology Men selected for this study were in between 25-35 years of age and have 50-75 kilogram per meter square body mass index. Individuals with CVD, diabetes, abnormal blood pressure, smoking habits, thyroid gland or eating disorders, and those who currently in any medication and with high amount consumption of fibers were excluded. At last, 36 men were successfully passed then clinical requirements that were divided into two groups. Then, weight and bodily measurements were gauged initially and periodically during the study. Nonetheless, the participants, under the instruction of dietitian, recorded their food preparations and sizes in four-day food intake. In connection to this, records of food intake were analyzed through Food Intake Analysis System or FIAS. Meanwhile, participants’ blood samples were taken before and after the twelve-week intervention. By means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy or NMR, the concentrations and particle size of blood lipids and lipoproteins were assessed. Further, the insulin-augmented frequently sampled intravenous-glucose-tolerance test or IVGTT was applied to participants. For statistical treatments, Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality tests were employed prior to analysis of variance done through SPSS package. Also, analysis of covariance was performed for body weight changes and macronutrient intake. Nonetheless, t-tests were utilized to examine lipoprotein and lipid response differences. Results and Discussion Based on the results of this study, two large oat servings added to the regular diet of the participants, lowered small, dense LDL and LDL particle concentrations. In addition, in spite of the carbohydrate intake elevation and saturated-fat intake lowering, the concentration of triacylglycerol did not significantly increase for high-fiber oat group. In contrast, it was reported that triacylglcerol in blood increases along with the changes in lipoprotein and lipids in individuals who fed on wheat cereal with high carbohydrate intake and low-fat diet. Meanwhile, the association between triacylglycerol elevation and CVD risk development was linked on the changes in the composition of LDL and high-density lipoprotein or HDL cholesterol. In relation to this, the substitution of triacylglycerol by cholesterol esters in lipoproteins results to accumulation of triacylglycerols in HDL and LDL which in turn serve as reactant in hepatic triacylglycerol lipase. Then, the removal of triacylglycerol leads to particle size decreased and density increased. Hence, in this study, the decrease in plasma tiaclyglycerol resulted to increase in LDL particle size for oat group but not with wheat cereal group. Analysis and Conclusion From the abovementioned studies, it was statistically proven that supplementation of oat cereals to the controlled diet of hypercholesterolemia patients caused blood lipids and HDL reductions. Further, oat meal diet results to LDL-particle size decreased and particle number increased which is beneficial in the part of hypercholesterolemia patients. On the other hand, it was theorized that the viscosity of soluble fibers lessen the rate of chime transfer in the upper gastrointestinal tract that causes low absorption rates, less blood nutrients, and changes in hormonal responses to delimited nutrients (Reynolds, Quiter, and Hunninghake, 2000). This process obstructs enterohepatic circulation leading to fast conversion rate of cholesterol to bile acids (Reynolds, Quiter, and Hunninghake, 2000). Thus, the increase in bile acid production as mediated by ?-glucan caused reduction in bile acid reabsorption (Davy, Davy, Ho, Beske, Davrath, and Melby, 2002). This process triggered bile acid synthesis through cholesterol from plasma pool by means of LDL-receptor (Davy, Davy, Ho, Beske, Davrath, and Melby, 2002). As a consequence, the substitution of triacylglycerol by cholesterol esters in lipoproteins results to accumulation of triacylglycerols in HDL and LDL which in turn serve as reactant in hepatic triacylglycerol lipase. Then, the removal of triacylglycerol leads to particle size decreased and density increased (Davy, Davy, Ho, Beske, Davrath, and Melby, 2002). Nonetheless, other compound constituent of the fibers may also promote this process. For instance, tocotrienol in rice bran, oats, and barley inhibits cholesterol synthesis. Moreover, the soluble fiber fermentation produces chain fatty acids which in turn hinder cholesterol biosynthesis (Reynolds, Quiter, and Hunninghake, 2000). With these reasons, the research question â€Å"What is the effect of a diet high in dietary fiber and how does it decrease LDL – cholesterol and serum lipids? † was plausibly answered.

The United States History of Building Construction and Fire Safety Research Paper

The construction industry in the United States has undergone major changes in the recent past. There have been major improvements in the construction of modern buildings which has provided international architectural designs   and strong construction materials that could assist buildings withstand fire hazards. The responsibility of ensuring safety in buildings and especially sky scrappers that have become the symbols of modern urban landscape lies squarely on engineers and architects. In drawing the architectural designs, the safety of the building and its occupants must always be borne in mind. This results from the fact that we have construction codes and other safety measures and equipment to ensure that these buildings are free from dangers of either fire or earthquakes. That is why there are building codes and specific safety measures and devices to make the buildings safe from danger disasters in many parts of the world and especially china and the US result from either fire or earthquakes although other causes may be due to human factors like carelessness and terrorist attacks like the one witnessed in the US in September 11th 2001 in which two major building were brought down by terrorists. Building and construction planning in the United States has undergone tremendous improvements and adjustments to meet the internationally accepted safety standards in a bid to reduce loss of life and property in case of either a natural calamity or terrorist attacks. Safety of people from fire disasters is of prime importance and has in fact been the most important challenge to the building and construction firms. The major objective of all stake holders in the construction industry is to ensure conformity with the generally accepted codes of safety to avoid losses of lives and property incase of unforeseen disasters such as fire and the common earthquakes experienced in most parts of the world and especially the Middle East. These fires are investigated and an analysis carried out on the factors that are responsible for such disasters. These investigations are instituted to establish the likely technical, operational or other probable causes of such failures. The objectives of such investigations are usually to ensure that improvements are made to these buildings either through their architectural designs or construction materials. Historical changes in the building and construction in the context of fire safety and Prevention Experts in fire protection have embraced technological developments in the designing of means to secure people and property from loss in the event of a fire .Architectural designs of new buildings or simply renovations of older existing buildings have laid more emphasis on fire protection as a result of the many incidents of fire damages that have occurred in the past in the US. In fact, fire protection engineering is one of the fastest growing disciplines in the 21st century. Fire protection engineering has developed tremendously over the last couple of years. Early application of this discipline was centered on preventing conflagrations that had the potential of destroying a whole city. In the early 20th century, the major focus of fire protection engineering shifted to limiting fire to the original building. Recent changes in this field have placed sprinkler systems in residential homes and the future could bring regulations to include sprinkler systems in all newly built houses and in houses that are to be renovated. All of these changes are due to past fire incidents that have destroyed property or even worse taken lives.   . Today, fire protection engineering deals not only with the prevention of fires but also carries out intensive campaigns on educating people on the measures that they could take at individual level to reduce chances of fire incidents. The events of September 11th 2001 On September 11th 2001, the United States woke up to the most shaking news in the history of the US. Terrorists had attacked and destroyed the twin towers in pentagon and the world trade centre. The attacks were executed after the hijacking of four commercial airlines. With thousands of gallons of jet fuel aboard, these planes were turned into flying bombs. The destruction the impact caused alone to the structural integrity of the buildings was astronomical. However the major hot fire that burned for 2 hours and eventually helped to bring the buildings down caused the deaths of 343 of New York’s bravest and subsequently killed a total of 2595 innocent victims.. This unfortunate event led to a revision of the fire protection rules, codes and practices. After the September 11th incident, A virtual High rise task force was created which included engineers, architects and for the first time fire personnel to discuss and create new regulations for high rise buildings and to come up with a solution to conform   the over 900 existing high rise structures in NYC. The task force agreed that widespread but less costly changes would be required in virtually every city high-rise. All buildings would have to meet a new and higher standard for things like the visibility of exit signs, emergency lighting and fluorescent markings in escape stairwells. The reliability of emergency radio communications within high-rise buildings would have to be improved, perhaps by allowing firefighters to tap into internal building radio systems.   All buildings are also required to have pre installed fire alarm systems. These alarm systems should be installed above minimum requirements. Such systems will ensure that the slightest incidents of fire are detected. Smoke detectors are also required to be installed in every building under construction in the United States. There should be at least four smoke detectors per floor but there should never be any manual initiation devices. To avoid smoke recirculation, return grilles should be installed in all the buildings. One novel measure would force all high-rise developers to create refuges in elevator vestibules where people trapped in a fire could safely congregate and await rescue. The measure would rely on fireproof walls and doors and a significant emphasis was placed on smoke control and removal using HVAC systems to control the movement of air. Emergency power should also be available for exit from the buildings and egress light must be present for fire fighting. These new codes also require the installation of class E alarms and also the presence of voice communication systems in all the buildings. All the above measures have either been discussed or put in place as a result of the terrorist attack on the world trade Centre on September 11th 2001. . Laws have also been put in place to ensure that all the above codes are adhered to. The events of September 11th opened a lot of eyes in the field of building construction and fire prevention. On the other hand, the federal government and local jurisdictions have invested a lot into their fire fighting equipment to ensure that the impact of any fires is reduced to the minimum levels possible. Fire departments across the nation have focused a lot of their training on dealing with high rise fires due to the events of Sept 11th Besides the above issues, the constriction rules have been amended to ensure quality of the construction materials established before construction begins. The architectural designs must also be approved before construction begins to ensure that all the buildings constructed meet the fire and safety requirements as required by legislation. Conclusion The United States has made numerous amendments to the codes and practices relating to fire safety to ensure that everyone is safe from these hazards. Fire fighters with modern equipment are also available to contain any fires from which ever angle from the ground to the air, the have undergone vigorous training including administering first aid. With these measures in place, it’s the responsibility of the citizens of this nation to ensure that they abide by the rules and regulations stipulated in the act and to notify the federal fire fighting department as soon as fire occurs in their residences or places of work so that sufficient action is taken to reduce loses of life and property and make America a safe place to live.