Oliver Twist: The Anchor Of Character Development Essay -- essays rese

O resilientr Twist the Anchor of Character DevelopmentCharles Dickens novel, Oliver Twist, centers itself around the invigoration of the young, orphan Oliver, but he is not a deeply developed character. He stays the same throughout the entire novel. He has a inclination to be protected, he wants to be in a safe and secure environment, and he shows unconditional love and acceptance to the people around him. These are the but character traits that the reader knows of Oliver. He is an archetype of goodness and innocence. His innocence draws many people close to him. Each character is attracted to his innocence for different reasons, some to abate it and others to build it. Their relationships with Oliver reveal nothing more about his personality. They reveal more about their own personalities. Therefore, Oliver is used not as the protagonist of the story, but as the anchor for the development of the other characters. As the anchor of character development, Oliver helps reveal the r edeeming qualities of Dickens Mr. Brownlow. Dickens moves through a series of developments with Mr. Brownlow and it is only when he comes into contact with Oliver that his character is fully developed. He is initially described by Dickens as an old gentlemen with a very respectable-looking personage, with a powdered foreman and gold spectacles (114). The reader is left to draw their own conclusions about him as he is only described one dimensionally. When Mr. Brownlow gives chase to Oliver after creation robbed by Olivers associates, it seems as though Mr. Brownlow might have little respect or mercy for the lower class. Instead, the reader finds that Mr. Brownlow is a kind and merciful man. He takes pity on Oliver, telling the policeman not to hurt him and arguing for his release inside the court house. Mr. Brownlow takes Oliver to his house where he is very well cared for by Mrs. Bedwin. When Oliver recovers from his fever, he goes to speak with Mr. Brownlow. During their meeting Mr. Brownlows character is further developed. He reveals a sad past to Oliver saying, I have been deceived, before, in objects whom I have endeavored to &... ...pe from the stain and crime that she was pushed into as a child. Dickens develops Nancys character to show that people in poverty can not always help their situations. They might live a life of crime, but do they have any other choices? Nancys development as a character gives the reader an interesting perspective on the lower class and their situations. Oliver Twist is a novel about the adventures and the life of Oliver yet, his character is not as developed as some of the others. He is not the protagonist, which leads one to ask, what purpose does he serve? Oliver has the most important role in the novel, he links everyone together. He is the anchor, not the hero. He develops the characters. The characters whom he becomes the walking(prenominal) with are the characters that the reader comes to know and love. He might be deemed a symbol rather than a character. A symbol of innocence. Innocence reveals so a great deal about a person because it is so pure. Does the character want to destroy his innocence or does he want to make it grow? The way that individually character interacts with Oliver tells the reader about their nature. This is Dickens method for character development.

A Tree Grows in Brooklyn :: essays research papers

I read A tree grows in Brooklyn by Betty Smith. The story takes break through in the summer of 1912 in Brooklyn New York. Johnny and Katie Nolan met very young in 1900. Soon, after six months of meeting, and getting married they have their first child, Francie Nolan who is xi when the book begins. Later they have their second and last child Neely Nolan. As Francie grows up she begins to lose her innocence through a tree-throwing ritual and an encounter with a sex offender who was shot by Katie. Her father drinks more and more and becomes worthless. Katie then becomes pregnant with a third child, Annie Laurie. Johnny dies on Christmas day, which was five moths in the lead his daughter was born. Francie stops believing in God the Christian faith and begins to do poorly in school. Francie and her br early(a) persist after finishing bosom school in order to help out Katie. She can only afford to send one of he kids to school so she decides to send Neely, and Francie continues to wo rk which allows them to live a little easier. World War I begins in America and this causes the world to change. Francie finds her first love, however he leaves to marry his Fianc before red ink to war. Francie is left with a broken heart but soon she meets a another boy. Then, Sergeant McShane asks Katie to marry him and she accepts. He has enough money to support them in full without hardship, and allowing Francie and Neely to go to college. They move out of their apartment the day before the wedding while Francie gets ready to leave for college. I feel that Betty Smith relates to many other early 1900 writers in America. She brings forward the realities and struggles of poverty that many other writers have written intimately. In almost every chapter and character, Smith addresses the hardship of poverty, which gives the reader a feeling of how life was in the early 1900s. I feel that Scott F. Fitzgeralds constitution in his book The Great Gatsby is similar to Betty Smiths wri ting because this book is all about the tragedies that are associated with excess money. This gives two sides of two different worlds in America around the same time. However, both writers write about the positive aspects of the two different money backgrounds and the negative aspects.

Software Piracy in Lebanon :: Software Piracy Expository Essays

Software Piracy in Lebanon Abstract What is it about copy software that is desirable? Simply because it is free. In the United States, one might think twice before copying a Microsoft product. Copyright issues are whole over the media --remember Napster? For a period of a year, we read countless stories of students all over the US and the world that were arrested for copying and trading MP3s. However, travel across the Atlantic to the chaotic world of Lebanon and one would not even think twice about copying a version of Microsoft Office 2000. What is the likelihood of getting caught? pretty much a 0% chance. With political chaos surrounding Lebanon since its indep endence in 1943, the lack of law enforcement allows a variety of of crimes to occur -- one of the biggest ones be software piracy. About 89% of the software in Lebanon is illegally obtained. subdivision I gives a brief overview of how the origins of Lebanon. piece II describes the politics of Lebanon. The objective of Section I and Section II is to demonstrate to the reader how the lack of a stable government and any true law enforcement allows for so much piracy. Section III discusses in greater detail software piracy and Intellectual Property protection in Lebanon. Section IV gives the authors vertex of view. Sources and endnotes can be found in Section V and Section VI respectively. Section I Introduction Establishing Lebanon2 The history of the Middle East is well-off with an eclectic mix of ethnicities and culture. Before World War I, the region that we now call the Middle East was ruled by the Ottoman Empire. After the end of World War I, the Ottoman Empire diminished. Turkey emerged through the works of the Allies. Mesopotamia, an area filled with tradition and profitable goods, was split between Britain and France. With the support of the French, the Maronites, a sect of the Roman Catholic Church, established a strong political status in what is now modern day Beirut, Tripoli, and most of the Lebanon coast. Starting in the early 1900s, the Maronites had pressed for the expansion of this small Lebanese territory to what they argued was its natural and historic boundaries. Their argument was that the area had always had a unique social and historical character, different from its surroundings, which made it mandatory for the French to grant it as an independent state.

Using Clostridium botulinum as a Biological Weapon Essay -- Terrorism

Fatal Dilemma Using Clostridium botulinum as a Biological WeaponEver since the dawn of biotechnology, the world had to face a new dilemma bioterrorism. Using biological agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc., bioterrorism attack aims to cause disorder of death in people, animals, or plants as a method of warfare. Used throughout history, biological weapon serves as a pivotal role in disarming an army. Botulism toxin, known for the most toxic snapper in the biological world, has been used throughout history as a biological weapon. The bacteria Clostridium botulinum causes botulism causes botulism disease, which is a serious paralytic illness that strikes all age groups. The clinical forms of botulism include foodborne botulism, infant botulism, and wound botulism. Botulism, if left untreated, is fatal however, even treatment with antiserum can not provide full recovery. Botulism is obsolescent a disease. Therefore, if anyone is diagnosed with foodborne botulism, investigat ion of food supply must be carried out promptly for investigation of the botulism-diagnosed-individuals surrounding is the only method of detecting a electric potential bioterrorism attack. With the continuous advancements in biomedicine follows a continuous proliferation of bioterrorism, which uses biological agents for malicious purposes (Anderson 2). More specifically, bioterrorism is a method of terrorism that intentionally releases or disseminates biological weapons that may be in natural occurring or human-modified form (Botulism- Definition). Although bioterrorism is considered as a recent dilemma, the use of biological weapon predates recorded history, during the ancient times where biological toxins were extracted from plants and animals and ap... ... Oct 2001. Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Department of Health and Human Services. 21 Jul 2007 . Fong, I.W., and Ken Alibek. Bioterrorism and Infectious Agents. New York impost Science and Business Media, 20 05.Hurlbert, R.E.. Biological Weapons Malignant Biology. 1997. 21 July 2007 hurlbert/micro101/pages/101biologicalweapons.html+no+tool+or+piece+of+knowledhe+has+an+innate+moral+context&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=2&gl=us .Knobler, Stacy L. , Adel A. F. Mahmoud, and Leslie A. Pray. Biological Threats and Terrorism. Washington DC Institute of Medicine, 2002.Shapiro, Daniel S and Alice S. Weissfeld. Botulism Toxin. Sentinel Laboratory Guidelines for Suspected Agents of Bioterrorism 21 July 2007 .

Letters in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Essay -- Jane Austen Prid

Letters play a very important role in self-conceit and Prejudice. They can tie the explanation together because letters provide information which we would not have found out from the dialogue between the characters. We can also find out duplication background information which can help with the readers understanding of characters, the plot and the novel in general. Letters can reveal characters personalities and how they feel about the different characters in the novel, for example Miss Bingleys feelings about Jane. Letters are used as a dramatic spin in Pride and Prejudice to further the plot, link the story and to inform the readers of the characters personalities.Letters are also an extremely important interrupt of Pride and Prejudice because at the time when the novel was written, letters were the only way of communicating other than through word of mouth. Letters can be used to deliver good and bad news at any time. They did not have telephones so a letter would be the mos t provide way of keeping touch with friends and family.Jane and Elizabeth are two of the main characters in the novel andthey write to each other frequently during their visits away from eachother. The sisters grant some parts of their personalities. Both arecaring, loving and considerate towards other people, but Jane isextremely loving and she does not want to judge any ofthe other characters in the novel before she has heard the entirestory. This is because she does not want to think badly of anyone. Weknow this from Janes letter to Elizabeth regarding the actions ofMiss Bingley and Miss Hurst in London.If I were not afraid of judging harshly, I should be almost temptedto say, that there is a strong appearance of duplicity in all thi... ...CitedAusten, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Norwalk The Easton Press, 2008.Internet Sources ConsultedPsychological Growth in Pride and Prejudice MSS Research. MSS Research. MSS Research, n.d. Web. 02 may 2015.Marcus, Mordecai. A Major Thematic Pattern in Pride and Prejudice. Nineteenth-Century Fiction 16.2 (Dec. 1961) 274-279. JSTOR. Web. 02 May 2015.Stovel, Bruce. A Contrariety of Emotion Jane Austens Ambivalent Lovers in Pride and Prejudice. The International Fiction Review 14.1 (Winter 1987) 27-33. Literature Resource Center. Web. 02 May 2015.Weinsheimer, Joel. Change and the hierarchy of Marriages in Pride and Prejudice. ELH 39.3 (Sept. 1972) 404-419. JSTOR. Web. 02 May 2015.Wiesenfarth, Joseph. The Case of Pride and Prejudice. Studies in the Novel 16.3 (Fall 1984) 26173. Literature Resource Center. Web. 02 May 2015.

French democracy 1970- future :: essays research papers

A comparative chronology of res publica/election and how it has and will influence politics in France between the time period of 1970-2020.In 1958, the highly centralized Fifth Republic was created, which lasts to the present day. Its make-up is characterized by the strong executive exponents vested in the presidency. This constitution was approved by popular vote, and transport elections every seven years elect a President. The President presides over a cabinet of members headed by a fix Minister of his or her choosing. The legislative body is divided into devil houses, the National Assembly and the senate, whose members are select for nine-year circumstances. The National Assemblys members are directly elected for five-year terms. The Senate members are indirectly elected by an electoral college to serve nine-year terms. The French judicial system assesses the constitutionality of legislation that is referred to review by the Parliament, Prime Minister or President. The Fi fth Republic was almost overthrown in 1968 by a radical alliance of students and industrial workers. In reaction, conservative presidents and center-right majorities in the National Assembly governed France end-to-end the 1970s. In 1981, a state-controlled Francois Mitterland win the presidential election, the first time the Socialist partys candidate had been victorious. In May 1988, he was reelected for a second term. Jacques Chirac, who had been both mayor of capital of France and Prime Minister, had succeeded Mitterland as president in May of 1995 after a narrow victory over the Socialist challenger Lionel Jospin. In the legislature, Chirac had the benefit of a conservative majority. This came about after a victory for the right in the legislative elections in March 1993 unusually, the two right-wing parties, the Gaullist Rally for the Republic caller (RPR) and the more centrist Union Democratique Francaise (UDF)-normally fierce rivals, agreed to present joint candidates. E douard Balladur of the RPR, a sometime Minister of Finance, became Prime Minister.In 1995, Balladur was replaced by Alain Juppe, whose rigorous quest of an economic austerity program undermined the support for the government and opened the way for revival of the left.Presently, France has a mixed presidential and parliamentary government that unites directly and popularly elected President, as Head of State, with a cabinet dependent on parliamentary confidence. As in separate presidential governments, the presidents term is fixed, but he or she may be reelected an unlimited number of times. The French Constitution of 1958 reduced the power of the Parliament and conferred onto the President the right to adjourn the National Assembly and to appoint the head of French government, the Prime Minister, as well as the Council of Ministers.French democracy 1970- future essays research papers A comparative chronology of democracy/election and how it has and will influence politics in F rance between the time period of 1970-2020.In 1958, the highly centralized Fifth Republic was created, which lasts to the present day. Its constitution is characterized by the strong executive powers vested in the presidency. This constitution was approved by popular vote, and direct elections every seven years elect a President. The President presides over a cabinet of members headed by a Prime Minister of his or her choosing. The legislative body is divided into two houses, the National Assembly and the senate, whose members are elected for nine-year terms. The National Assemblys members are directly elected for five-year terms. The Senate members are indirectly elected by an electoral college to serve nine-year terms. The French judicial system assesses the constitutionality of legislation that is referred to review by the Parliament, Prime Minister or President. The Fifth Republic was almost overthrown in 1968 by a radical alliance of students and industrial workers. In reaction , conservative presidents and center-right majorities in the National Assembly governed France throughout the 1970s. In 1981, a Socialist Francois Mitterland won the presidential election, the first time the Socialist partys candidate had been victorious. In May 1988, he was reelected for a second term. Jacques Chirac, who had been both mayor of Paris and Prime Minister, had succeeded Mitterland as president in May of 1995 after a narrow victory over the Socialist challenger Lionel Jospin. In the legislature, Chirac had the benefit of a conservative majority. This came about after a victory for the right in the legislative elections in March 1993 unusually, the two right-wing parties, the Gaullist Rally for the Republic Party (RPR) and the more centrist Union Democratique Francaise (UDF)-normally fierce rivals, agreed to present joint candidates. Edouard Balladur of the RPR, a sometime Minister of Finance, became Prime Minister.In 1995, Balladur was replaced by Alain Juppe, whose ri gorous pursuit of an economic austerity program undermined the support for the government and opened the way for revival of the left.Presently, France has a mixed presidential and parliamentary government that unites directly and popularly elected President, as Head of State, with a cabinet dependent on parliamentary confidence. As in other presidential governments, the presidents term is fixed, but he or she may be reelected an unlimited number of times. The French Constitution of 1958 reduced the power of the Parliament and conferred onto the President the right to dissolve the National Assembly and to appoint the head of French government, the Prime Minister, as well as the Council of Ministers.

Comparison †Rendezvous and American Psycho Essay

Rendezvous and American Psycho both train an antihero a swollen-headed psychopath, but do they at all have much in common? And atomic number 18 the deuce antiheroes comparable? American Psycho is a psychological thriller with satire, black comedy and horror. Rendezvous is a psychological short story. The American Psycho takes place in New York in the mid-eighties. Patrick Bateman is the main character, a young, swell looking man who works at an investment firm called Pierce and Pierce. He spends his leisure time among his extremely wealthy friends and colleagues from the yuppie class.In the yuppie culture, which started under the scag in the eighties, the stereotype is a greedy antithetical well-paid man in the financial sector with a conspicuous personal consumption. A stereotype which could as well be a description of Patrick Bateman. He is successful, rich and engaged, reckoningly a good life. He eats at the right places, wears the right fountain clothes, drinks the right drinks and listens to the right pop music on the right stereo. moreover Payton is simply empty, he does not have a self.In his search for individuation and need for social integration in the yuppie class he get obsessed with the images narrated incessantly by pop music, advertising, movies and the television. He tries to find his identity through and through consumer products, or more the product narratives. In his battle for identity his self becomes commercial, his whole identity and conception of reality gets composed by mass medias narratives I consume, therefore I am. He believes in the rewards implicitly promised in advertising and he has undertaken from his culture the belief that consumption somehow will satisfy him.But Bateman does not feel the satisfaction, and the rewards are never as promised. Therefore Bateman has to get the satisfaction otherwise, which results in him killing and torturing people from prostitutes and homeless to models and colleagues. Even when he murders, he have to find his identity elsewhere. When he murders his colleague, Paul Allen, he find inspiration in axe-murders. Afterwards he uses Paul Allens name to beam crimes he tortures i. a. Christie and Sabrina in Pauls apartment. He withal adopts identity from the chainsaw-massacre in one of his murders.It is possible that the murders also are the result of attempts to live his life aft(prenominal) cinematic ideals, because he as mentioned builds his identity of narratives, among the cinema. The murders does not seem to have any rational reason he is neither advantaged nor protected by them. Bateman is best characterized as immoral, extremely narcissistic and, as he says himself in the monologue at the start, greedy. A funny detail which underline Batemans narcissism is that he have ruminative surfaces all over his house, for instance his kitchen, made in high-reflective materials, and the big mirrors in his bedroom.Many quantify through the movie Bateman is asked ab out his line of work. Im into, uh, murders and executions, mostly. At last he confesses all his murders on his lawyers answering machine. When Bateman next day confronts him with it, he thinks it is a joke but with one fatal flaw. Bateman is much(prenominal) a dork. Such a boring, spineless lightweight. Now, if youd said Bryce and when Bateman tries to convince him he says that it cannot be true because I had dinner with Paul Allen twice in London merely ten days ago. It is a funny, equivocal statement. Everyone in his social circle looks like him.No one listens to him, since everyone around him are just as empty and self-absorbed as him. Through the movie he becomes more insane and kills more and more people. At the end-monologue he confesses that there are no more barriers to cross He wants his pain to be inflicted on others, and even after admitting this he feels no catharsis. His confession has meant nothing. Bateman is not just a psycho he is an American psycho. He is a co nsumer which does not feel satisfied by consuming and he builds his identity on impossible narratives by mass media and in his hunting for satisfaction and identity kills.Bateman is actually a victim of narratives, he is in a state of chaos because inside doesn? t matter, the perception by others define ones identity and not the actual actions and thoughts. He is in a world of narratives where everything which cannot have a price grievance is worthless and he believes it, and form his identity subsequently. Batemans search for identity through consumer goods, does not make him more satisfied, his consumer lust transforms into bloodlust. Rendezvous have two main characters, Payton and Kim, it takes place on an interstate in USA.Kim is a 15-year-old girl in tenth grade, doing a little youth rebellion or the stylus she sees it, proving a point. She regrets a little that she is not at home, eating dinner, instead of being out in the cold, but tries to stay cool. At to the lowest de gree she has a great story to tell her friends. She is almost a stereotypical runaway. Payton is selfish and have as Patrick Bateman some narcissistic traits. It is implicitly told that he has remove five people ,the priest wasn? t even sympathetic about him sending the flowers and visiting the funeral home, which he had done three out of five times after he d gone out on the Interstate.We must assume that Payton have killed people, even though it is not definitely. The same applies to Bateman, where the clean apartment, his some drawings of murders, and the lawyer who says he had lunch in London ten days ago, may indicate that all the murders was Batemans fantasy. Since the story ends with the rendezvous between Payton and Kim, where Kim hitch a lift, opens a door and hears loud drums, we must suppose that the five killings Payton have committed are on hitchhikers.Even though he does not seem to understand the priest, he have sense of guilt for his murders, but tries to entitl e them or play them down. Payton properly hope to get some indulgence by sending the flowers and tell the priest why else would he meet and tell the priest? When the priest says it is wrong and he should tell the police, he tries to convince himself that the priest is senseless and forget what the he have said, by speeding up. He has a cobra tattoo which tells us something about his personality, a cobra symbolizes something bad, sneaky and dangerous.Maybe it could also symbolize temptation referring to Adam and Eve, where the snake coaxed Eve into sinning, which explains why he have killed several people. He is fixed at the outer assets, he have the two ultimate male status symbols, a Firebird and a Budweiser. The firebird is an expensive car with high status and self-promotion build in. His mood changes after the music, indicating that he is spontaneous and impulsive. Rendezvous and American Psycho have not much in common, except for the two narcissistic psychopathic antiheroes, P ayton and Bateman.Their murders have no rational reason and they both attach importance to the outer assets. Apart from that they do not have much in common. Payton is cynic, but Bateman even more and also clarified. I do not think Payton? s murders are a fight for identity. American Psycho handles some completely other subjects than Rendezvous. As I see it, the American Psycho questions the consumer mindset and the narratives in the mass media. I see no obvious subject in Rendezvous. It could be a search for excitement and new adventures, which both Payton and Kim does.

Enzyme activity Essay

Purpose The purpose of this laboratory is to try for enzyme action mechanism, look at enzyme specificity, and how temperature affects enzyme activity.Time need to perform this lab approximately 3 hoursPreparation runner Read the lab in its entirety TWICE before you begin. You will perform the experiment, write your lab hide and overwhelm the answers to the additional 4 questions indoors the text for full credit on this experiment.Materials3% hydrogen bleacha household blenderpotatoes (3 medium coat potatoes, that ar peeled and quartered) work stoppage water8 test subway systems8 transfer pipetssugar packetssalta small saucepana refrigerator with a freezerstove4 clear plastic cupstongs (to remove test tubes from boiling water)4 coffee cupscheesecloth to filter the potato extracta wax pencil or Sharpie markera rulerscale or balance250 ml graduated cylinderoven script or tongsPreparation flavour 1 Research (online) the reaction between catalase andhydrogen peroxide and be f amiliar with the reactants, products, and enzyme. You will include the overall reaction in your lab report for this experiment. We will measure enzyme activity by beat the height of the talks produced.Questions1.Given your research, why are we measuring the height of the bubbles produced to indicate how much enzyme activity has occurred? 2.What product are we specifically observing being produced?Preparation pace 21.Prepare the potato extract (catalase) using the following technique peel 3 medium size potatoes and cut them into quartersadd the potatoes to the blender with 250 mls of tap water to cover the potatoes and blend on high until the potatoes are pureed (blended to a thick liquid or paste) rate a cheesecloth over a container and use the cheesecloth to obtain the liquid portion (only) of your potato puree. You can squeeze the cheesecloth in the end to obtain the last(a) portions of the liquid from the puree. 1.Make a 1% sucrose solution using the method describe in your osmosis lab. 2.Make a 1% salt solution by measuring 1 gram of salt using your scale or balance, add this to your graduated cylinder and whence fill to the 100ml mark. You can then transfer this compartmentalisation to a small saucepan, heat and stir until the mixture is dissolved.ProcedureExperiment 1 Testing for Enzymatic ActivityFor this experiment, you will need4 test tubesrulerwater1% sucrose (sugar) solution1% salt solution3% hydrogen peroxidecatalase (the liquid portion of your potato extract)4 clear plastic cupswax penciltransfer pipetsStep 1 Add 3mls of the following solutions to a labeled test tube using a fresh transfer pipet with each new solutiontest tube 1 tap watertest tube 2 1% sucrose solutiontest tube 3 1% salt solutiontest tube 4 3% hydrogen peroxideQuestions1.Why is it outstanding to use a fresh transfer pipet for each new solution? Step 2 Add 2 mls of the catalase solution (liquid portion of the potato extract) to each test tube and place into a plastic cup to keep it upright. Pick up each test tube, tap the bottom/ spin around the contents and then using your ruler record in Table 1 the bubble height (if any) that is produced. Remember to include this table (with a strong title) in your lab report.Experiment 2- Testing the Effect of Temperature on Enzyme ActivityFor this experiment, you will need4 test tubesruler3% hydrogen peroxidecatalase (the liquid portion of your potato extract)4 coffee cupswax penciltransfer pipetsrefrigerator w/ freezerstovesaucepantap wateroven mitt or tongsStep 1 Label the test tubes 1, 2, 3 and 4, where test tube 1 represents the sample placed on the counter at room temperature, test tube 2 represents the tube placed in the refrigerator, test tube 3 represents the tube placed in the freezer, and test tube 4 represents the sample exposed to boiling water. You will expose catalase to each of these four conditions.Questions4.Before you begin, predict under which treatment you expect to see the most enzyme activ ity and explain why you think that will happen. Step 2 Place a saucepan with tap water on a burner and bring to a boil.Step 3 Use the thermometer to identify and record the temperature for room temperature, in your refrigerator, in your freezer, and then research the temperature of boiling water (do not take this temperature) and record them in Table 2.Step 4 Place the test tubes into separate coffee cups to maintain the upward po rallyion. Add 2 mls of the catalase solution to each of the test tubes and then place tubes1, 2, and 3 in the conditions described above. For test tube 4, fill the coffee mug half full of boiling water and then place test tube 4 in this container. Do not place the test tube into the pan of boiling water.Step 5 Allow the tubes to sit for 5 minutes, then remove the tubes from the conditions mentioned above (note be careful to use an oven mitt or tongs to remove the test tube exposed to boiling water from the coffee cup).Step 6 Then add 3 mls of 3% hydrogen p eroxide, swirl all tubes, and measure the bubbles produced by measuring bubble height (if any are produced). Record this data in Table 2.ResultsPlease include your results in two tables that are clearly labeled and realize columns for the contents of each test tube, the treatment if applicable (experiment 2) and the height of the bubbles produced (if any).ConclusionsFor this portion, include the results obtained and an interpretation of the results. Also state whether the results were expected or not and, if the results are unexpected, include possible reasons for this and what your next step should be. Remember to also include your answers to the 4 Questions embedded in the experiment above for full credit.Submission Create your lab report using word-processing software, such as Microsoft Word and save it to your computer as a .doc, .docx, or .rtf file. To submit the report, choose the link titled, Lab 6 Enzymes, above. Use the Browse My Computer button in the Attach File area to attach your document. Be sure to complete your submission by choosing the take on button at the bottom of the screen.

Reflective Writing of Gifted Hands-the Ben Carson Story Essay

Gifted Hands The Ben Carson Story is a true horizontal surface movie that revolves on the life story of Benjamin Ben Carson who overcome poverty, racism, and a violent temper to blend in a world-renowned Pediatric Neurosurgeon that gives him a great credit entry in the field of Medicine. In his early years, he is the dumbest student in their class that made her mother come up on a decision on urging them (Ben and his brother Curtis) to start reading books in the Detroit Public Library because she doesnt want her children will end up like her. forward long, Ben moved from the bottom of the class to the top. As he enters the world of Medicine as a Pediatric Neurosurgeon in John Hopkins Hospital, he successfully performed a ground-breaking surgery separating conjoined Siamese twins who were born joined at the head (this complex surgery has never been achieved before without casualties). It was a milepost in neurosurgery, but was far from the only worth mentioning achievement of Ca rsons career.For me, the most noteworthy event in the movie was when his Bens mother imparted him, You raft do anything that anyone else can do, only you can do it better. This excerpt was intended for Ben to be en fortituded and to boost his confidence to pursue with his undertakings to be the best he can be. He slowly discovers that his brain is indeed capable of both intelligent and creative thought. Its a discovery the miracle of human brain that alone changes his life and shapes the course of his future. Learning developed when this excerpt was imparted, for me the gist of the excerpt is theres nothing impossible if we just think that we can do our best, it just takes courage, self-confidence, self-efficacy and faith in God. Whatever course you decide upon, there is always someone to tell you that you are wrong. There are always difficulties arising which captivate you to believe that your critics are right.To map out a course of action and follow it to an end requires cou rage. This is similar to Banduras Self-Efficacy Theory. Banduras theory emphasizes the role of empirical learning, social experience, and reciprocal determinism in the development of personality. According to Bandura, a persons attitudes, abilities, and cognitive skills comprise what is known as the self-system. This system plays a major role in how we perceive situations and how we behave in response to different situations. Self-efficacy plays an essential part of this self-system. According to Albert Bandura, self-efficacy is the belief in ones capabilities to arise and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations (1995, p. 2). In other spoken language, self-efficacy is a persons belief in his or her ability to ensue in a particular situation. Bandura described these beliefs as determinants of how people think, behave, and finger (1994).Since Bandura published his seminal 1977 paper, Self-Efficacy Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change, the subject has become one of the most studied topics in psychology. (http//psychology.about.com/od/theoriesofpersonality/a/self_efficacy.htm). Because in Banduras Theory of Self-Efficacy verifies that self-efficacy can have an impact on everything from psychological land to behavior to motivation while people with high self-efficacy that is, those who believe they can perform wellare more likely to view difficult tasks as something to be mastered rather than something to be avoided. Like in the Banduras Theory of Self-Efficacy this reveals that it is how one judges ones own competence to fatten out tasks, ability to perform well and reach goals. Self-efficacy affects every area of human endeavour, by determining the beliefs a person holds regarding his or her power to affect situations, consequently strongly influencing both the power a person actu every last(predicate)y has to face challenges and the choices a person is mostly likely to make.These effects are particularly apparen t, and compelling, with regards to behaviors bear upon health. It is distinct both from efficacy and from self-esteem, confidence, and self-concept. Understanding how to foster the development of self-efficacy is important for policymakers, educators, and others in leadership positions, and to anyone seeking to build a happier, more productive life. provided like in Ben Carsons story when he was hesitating on pursuing the operation between the Siamese twins because this surgery wasnt successfully achieve or accepted before. But with the words of encouragement of his mother, he immediately conducted some research like reading books and applying his stock knowledge. Through these, he successful run the operation on the Rausch twins and that made him carve his name in popularity.Having watched the movie Gifted Hands The Ben Carson Story I check that in life we must believe in ourselves. Believe in our strength, capabilities, and have faith in God. Like in the story of Ben Carson aft er realizing the words of her mother, he slowly discovers that his brain is indeed capable of both intelligent and creative thought. Its a discovery the miracle of human brain that completely changes his life and shapes the course of his future. Furthermore, I learned that we must not put some barriers or limitations immediately on the things we think we cant do. Dont belittle yourself and neglect things right away.Have After watching the movie, I have significantly improved my perception of self-confidence to achieve anything even the impossible. This makes me feel that self-confidence my key to every achievement of goals and even surpassing some difficulties in life. This perception will be a useful tool to me as learner because to be able to succeed in life is to face some ups and downs of life with full courage and there will be no courage if self-confidence is missing. As a next step, I need to be open-minded in all possibilities that could happen, even it will be an achievem ent or misfortune, and ready to face them with courage and faith in God.

Inner city redevelopment and regeneration – London’s Dockland case study

* During nineteenth century, London was the busiest port of the world. But due to changes such as go bad technology, they became abandoned and derelict.* Larger ships could not reach the port and containerization did away with the need of large number of dockers.* By that time the area had very few jobs, the docks had unappealing and over half of the land was derelict, many of the houses needed urgent repair, transport was poor and there was a lack of basic services, waste amenities and yield space.* The London Docklands Development Corporation (LDDC) tried to improve the economic, social and environmental conditions of the area.Changes Physical derelict land reclaimed, tree diagrams planted, open space created and conservation areas created. Economic ameliorate transport systems means faster journey. Improvements in roads. Employment and businesses increased e.g. The Guardian and Daily Telegraph. High tech firms came due to the low rates of the enterprise zone. These were foll owed by firms wishing to relocate in new office blocks. Social more than 20 000 homes created. Former docks converted into luxury flats. Large, modern shopping complexes built. Other activities such as marina for water sports and indoor sports centre built. Several areas cleared and converted into parks and area of open space. Almost 100 million pounds has also been fagged of health, education, training and community programmes.Reasons for successYou can read also Costco Case Study* Extremely high prices of land for new offices and residential developing.* The potential of leisure activities and scenic views along the riverside.* Funding of some of the infrastructure by the government.* Initiatives taken by entrepreneurs like John Mowlem, whose company built the London City Airport.* The development of the Dockland Light Railway.* The setting up of the Isle of Dogs Enterprise zone to attract industry.* The development of the airport bringing easy journeys.Groups involved in this* Local housing societies helped by gaining home improving grants.* The local Newham council built affordable houses and improved local services.* The LDDC were responsible for planning and redeveloping dockland.* The national government created enterprise zone with its trim back rate. It encouraged private investment and improved transport systems.* Property developers were responsible for building large office blocks and converting derelict warehouses into luxury flats.* Conservation groups supported tree planting and other schemes.Opinions? School leaver happy because there are more new jobs available.? Local shopkeepers happy because they will have wealthier customers.? Local retired wad bad, because the prices in the area rise sharply.? Former docker bad because no appropriate manual jobs created.? Social worker bad because local community is depleted by newcomers.? Elderly bad because there is no sufficient services such as hospitals.? Local people bad, they wanted jobs and affordable houses.? People aliveness in Birmingham happy as their houses were improved along with new facilities provided with them.Nupur Jain 5F Geography case study

The letter R

Monica Silva Radiant R Every playscript in the English lecture derives from 26 seemingly straightforward earn. Each earn has gone through a unique transition in order to end up how it is today. Some letters have been erased, enchantment some added, and others Just transformed. The complex Journey of the written language stop somewhat be seen through the transition of R. The letter R is one of the letters that has been around since the very beginning of writing. R is a unique letter in its pronunciation, history and its place in cultural artifacts as well as math and sciences.While looking at the English alphabet, one would come across the eighteenth letter of the alphabet R. R can be classified as an ancestor for written language today. While most letters have been around for a very long time, R is one that has residency and that has non had a very large change throughout history. R is a letter that has appeared in some of the oldest writings found. These include inscriptions from the Semitic culture. In these writings, R was checked by something that looked the likes of a human head in profile (David Sacks 283) (figure 1).They called this ymbol resh, which translates to head in the Semitic language. This letter also appears in the Phoenician alphabet. At this time it still represented the word head but its shape had changed. The illustration turned from a human head profile to something that looked a lot like a modern day backwards P (fgure 2). This illustration could still be classified as a human head, Just with more defined, bimestrial neck. As the Greeks studied the Phoenician alphabet, they took great influence on their letters and took a large part of it as basis for their own alphabet.As for the letter R, they did non hange it much from what it had originally been. They immovable to only modify its name so that it would fit better into the sound of their language, thus it became rho. This had no special meaning in Greek aside from the letter (Sacks 285). In early Greek writing, rho could be either turned to the left or the right. It was not until about 500 B. C. that the Greeks decided to permanently have rho facing towards the right, thus making the visual practically the same as the Phoenician alphabet.They made this change because the Greek reading permanently changed from left to right. The tail that is on the R today did not appear until in was formed in ancient Rome. The tail was at graduation exercise a very short line, but then developed into a complete stroke all the way to the baseline. The lowercase version of r is unique in the fact that it is the only letter that has an uppercase closed section, while its lowercase version does not. This was due to the style of handwriting in the early Middle Ages. preferably of drawing the entire loop and tail, they only drew the top of the curved line (fgure 3).They did this in order to save time and pen strokes while writing. This cutoff has been carried along all the way up to modern day writing. The letter R has a variety of different sounds depending on what word you are saying, what language you are speaking, or even what part of the country you are from due to different accents. The eight different rhetoric consonants are alveolar trill, alveolar approximant, alveolar tlap, voiced retrotlex tricative, retrotlex approximant, retroflex flap, uvular trill, and voiced uvular fricative (Wikipedia).One sound heard in English is the alveolar trill it is described as a rolling R. Leading air ver articulator so that it can vibrate makes this sound. This sound deals with the tip of the speech and while making this sound the birdcall cords allow vibrate. Another rhetoric consonant found in the English language is alveolar approximant. Narrowing the vocal tract where it articulates creates this sound and it also deals with the tip of the expression and the vocal cords vibrate while making it as well. Another consonant found in English is retrofle x approximant.Like alveolar approximant, narrowing the vocal tract at articulation creates this sound. This sound deals with the tip of the ongue as it is turned up and vocal cords will vibrate while creating this sound. The last rhetoric consonant found in English is retroflex flap. This sound is created with one contraction of the muscle, making the tongue thrown against the bottom of the mouth. Like retroflex approximant, the tongue is curled up when making this sound and the vocal cords will vibrate as well. Each of these explained sounds are oral consonants meaning that air can escape from the mouth only.They are also all central consonants meaning that the sound is produced by instructing airstream on he center of the tongue sooner of to the sides of the mouth. (Wikipedia). Recordings of all eight rhetoric consonants can be found on the cite page. While making some simple R sounds you could find that if you kick upstairs up your tongue, you will then be making the sound of the letter L. This would be because of the fact that R and L are phonetically sisters and they are called liquids. The confines liquid consonants mean that these two letters behave in a similar way.These two letters are going to have an effect on a vowel sound that precedes them in a word (Sacks 280). This effect is that of drawing out the vowels pronunciation and thus making it stronger. Some examples that Sacks gives are the spoken communication pole and poke. Saying these words aloud, one can hear how the e in pole is more prominent than the e in poke. This is unique in the fact that the only other letter that makes this effect in the English alphabet is obviously L. Phonetic writing is not the only place you will land eyes on the letter R, it has an importance in science as well as mathematics.In the sciences, the gas constant is represented by the uppercase R. The reason R was chosen to represent the gas constant is unknown but there are three sentiments as to why this may b e. The first idea is simply that it was random. The second idea is that it could possibly stand for ratio. Scientists thought this could be because of the fact that this value of R was found by calculating the constancy of the ratio over pressure and time. The deuce-ace idea for this representation is that it was named after Henri Victor Regnault. Regnault was the French chemist who calculated the early value of the constant densen 2).In mathematics, the letter R represents the set of all corporeal numbers. R was chosen because Rn refers to the Cartesian product of n copies of R. Another reason is it thought to represent all real numbers is because of the fact that the word real starts with an r (OConnor 1). Just like R plays a role in mathematics and science, it can be caught playing a role in cultural artifacts as well. The letter R is also known as the dogs letter. There are many people who have made a connectedness between the sound of r and a dog. In 1529 Geotry Tory compare d the r growling sound to dogs when they are angry and about to bite each other.During the mid first century, a poet named Persius referred to R as dog letter as well. Also in the Spanish language it is called canina littera, which may be of even greater importance because in Spanish language rolled rs is a major part of their pronunciation. Another person who referred to R as the dogs letter was Ben Jonson in his book English Grammar (Sacks 280). This reference can be found in the famous Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare in Act 2, scene 4. In this part of the play, Juliets nurse calls the letter R, the dogs name referring to Romeo as a dog.

Professional Summary Essay

A. Explanation of ArtifactsAs long as I can remember I have got always loved to learn unsanded things. When I began my journey back in 2005 to pursue a degree I wasnt sure exactly what I wanted to focus on. What I found amazing was shortly after starting college my love for learning grew exponentially. Today nearly 10 years later I am conterminous to realizing my goal of earning a bachelors degree in breast feeding. When I reflect on how much I have intimate over this aside year I am so grateful for the learning opportunities that the Bachelors of Science in Nursing at Western Governor University has brought to my life and to my cargoner as a Registered Nurse.The artifacts in my portfolio are the evidence that my program of study has prepared me to be proficient in such states of professional nursing as, patient safety, nursing enquiry, evidence- bastardly practice, quality of care, effective leadership, and community health. My Leadership Practicum enabled me to discover a h ealthcare concern on the unit that I run for on. In collaboration with aggroup members, we were able to come up with successful solutions that were supported by evidence based research. My Community Health and Population Practicum configuration required me to broaden my conversation skills with others. This operate brought me the knowledge and experience that I needed to be proficient in communicating with patients, colleagues, and professionals in the community.B. Professional StrengthsMy professional strengths include a greater awareness of providing high quality patient-centered care in my working environment. Through my Leadership Practicum I was able to strengthen my understanding of what holistic patient-centered care in truth means. It has also taught me how to prioritize the way I provide care to my patients and their families. Another strength I be possessed of is in the area of providing evidence based research for unit based issues that affects patents, healthcare staff, and the community. My evidenced based research air is evidence that I have excelled in this area. Since taking this course I have been involved in three unit based council initiatives that have required me to evaluate and apply evidence based research. I am confident to organize my managers and colleagues. I feelprepared to assist my unit in the necessary changes required to improve our unit.C. Challenges/OvercomeMy greatest obstacle to completing my BSN program was clip management. I work full time on a high stress cardiac unit. Up until two weeks ago I worked three 12 hour night shifts per week. After 4 years of night shift it was starting to take a significant toll on me mentally and physically. umteen of my days off I felt like I was in a fog and homework was impossible to even attempt. I also work part time in a family owned business as well as taking care of my family. The ways I have belabor this obstacle was finally going to day shift. What a huge difference that has made already in my life. I also learned to say no more often and prioritized my free time. I learned how to protect my sleep, and I researched and implemented self-care strategies. I also have a day planner and defend track of study dates and times.Another challenge for me was earning my degree through an online program. I feel adequate with computers but by no means am I an expert. I found it difficult to navigate to find needed information at times and felt frustrated. Many times early on I felt lost within the course of study and with the online resources. I learned to reach out to my course mentors and allowed them to help guide me through the process. When frustrations arose, I learned how to take a break, sit quietly and drink a cup of tea and relax. Most of the time when I resumed my studies I was able to grasp the concepts or find the right words to write. Learning how to pace myself has been a blessing to me personally and professionally.D. Nine Nursing Program Outcom es1) Effective Communication-All of my classes in just about way prepared me to become effective in many forms of communication. My Community Health and Population Practicum course was greatly depended on my communication skills. My experience include interpersonal, electronic, written, and oral communication.2) Proficient Clinical ReasoningFrom the very beginning this program emphasized the importance of usingevidence-based practice. Through my Evidenced Based Practice course I am prepared to use clinical reasoning directed towards using best nursing practice, evidenced by using current scientific investigation. My Leadership Practicum also required me to discover a healthcare issue and produce solutions that were supported by evidence-based research.3) Accountable in Ethical/Legal StandardsThe course Professional Roles and Values taught me the concepts of ethical and legal standards in healthcare today. Honesty and integrity are the foundation for safe and ethical care. As a fel late these character traits are essential for me to provide care that meets ethical and legal standards. As each new day bring new situations, this is one area that I will continue to grow and mature in.4) Effective in Theoretical/Clinical/Empirical KnowledgeWestern Governors University has enhanced my knowledge base by requiring a broad range of topics in humanities and science. Courses such as United States and World History and Biochemistry are examples of this. I believe my cultivation has prepared me to understand areas of theoretical, clinical, and empirical knowledge. This will benefit my nursing profession in areas of personal development, and developing social awareness that involves the dynamics of social relationships amidst man-to-mans, families and communities.5) Providing Patient/Culturally-Sensitive CareMy course in Organizational Systems and Quality Leadership taught me about culturally sensitive issues that affect patients today. I feel prepared to judge a patie nts cultural needs and provide the type of patient- centered care the each person deserves and needs.6) Effective as a Leader/EducatorMy course in Leadership Experience prepared me to demonstrate effective leadership skills. It also gave me the opportunity to educate others about quality patient care. I am dedicated to advancing my nursing profession and making a positive impact on others.7) Effective inter-professional CollaborationThe course Professional Roles and Values prepared me in my nursing practice to safeguarded important principles such as respect and justice. I believe character traits such as these contribute to the spirit of teamwork in the working environment. When people feel respected and heard they are much more likely to collaborate with others to promote a well-organized plan of care.8) Proficient in Genomics/Genetics KnowledgeI feel that the course Genetics, Genomics, Genethics for Nursing prepared me to provide advanced patient care through the development and application of inherited training. This genetic knowledge helps me to provide compassionate nursing care and allows me to have positive outcomes with my patients.9) Efficient in Information TechnologyI have undergone intensifier technology education in my BSN program. I am prepared to use information technology to provide accurate documentation of care, conduct rigorous research projects, and communicate effectively in the healthcare professional setting.E. Professional Roles1. ScientistIn science the formulation of a question is where a scientist begins the process of discovery. In my quality as a scientist I started with always asking the question why? Why are we doing what were doing? Is there a way to improve what we are doing in the nursing healthcare field? Questions such as these move the process in science and led me to state a hypothesis. After conducting my investigation my hypothesis then became a prediction. I was then able to conduct experiments and surveys and then analyze the results.2. DetectiveA detective can also be called an investigator. They are called an investigator because that is exactly what they are hired to do. They investigate by asking questions and using a computer to research information pertinent to the fount they are working on. In my utilisation as a detective I also used a computer and researched many articles to help mull my investigations. Throughout this process I also asked numerous questions anddocumented responses that became the foundation of my research information. I especially enjoyed my role as a detective in projects and collaborating with my colleagues.3. Manager of the Healing EnvironmentAs I embarked on each project I was amazed at the level of which I grew to appreciate the role of uniting people together. On my part it took leadership, strategic awareness, team building, and strong communication between key team members. When staff was supported and communication was fostered I was able to see staff me mbers develop their knowledge base and embrace new ideas to achieve patient-centered care.F. Growth and DevelopmentWhen I compare myself from the beginning of my RN to BSN program to today, I am astounded at the change that I see. I definitely see an enormous difference in my professional skills and my individual growth. I have made significant progress in the following skills effective communication, leadership roles, time management, and computer technology. This program has helped me to understand that my role in the nursing field is greater than what I could have ever imagined. I recognize the influence I have and the great responsibility that I possess as a nurse. I realize now more than ever, nursing for me is not a job, or even a career, its a passion, a calling, a destiny.

Bad Drivers Are Everywhere

Traffic accidents are as ordinary as anyones bacon and egg in their breakfast meals. They are as common as snow in Alaska and as desert in the Middle East. Highway accidents no more shock nor scare anyone for driveway. No, non even the ones who have been victims themselves. In a study made by Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin conducted in 2004 to 2005, the researchers found that in that location were about 90 share of the respondents have relatives who have experienced car crash. What seems intriguing here is that fact that 56 percent of the respondents never changed their bad driving habits.Staying behind the wheel is not what is risky about driving the risk lies on the driver. The risk of duty accidents is not measured by the drivers age, expertise and do itledge neither does it depends on the model of the car being driven but rather on the drivers driving habits. Anyone who wants to know how common bad drivers are? Let anyone reheel the habits of a good driver an d the bad driver as well and you will see that it is easier to list bad driving habits than the good ones.The Wisconsin Department of Transportation reported an about 800 fatalities due to motor vehicle traffic crashes (C. Sadler). Of this figure, 42 percent were alcohol-related, 33 percent is speed-related and 19 percent was attributed to the influence of both. IN a separate study made by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in 2005, motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for 15-20 year olds. The list of the causes of these accidents is quite long and all of the items are bad driving habits.It ranges from not wearing seatbelts, eating and drinking term driving, answering calls and even texting. The list goes on with tailgating and over speeding to the weird habit of applying make up while driving. So what directly causes the accidents is the drivers inattention. Driver inattention is the most prevalent cause of collisions, reported the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The alike study also revealed the top five bad driving habits that they have done in the last thirty days.Seventy nine percent had the habit of changing the radio station or CD and 61 % did exceed the speed limit as well as driving without both hands in the steering wheel. Fifty one percent honestly admitted answering calls and 45% were eating while driving. Bad driving habits make a bad driver. If traffic accidents statistics are to be the basis, I can say that we really have too many bad drivers on the lane. People can much submit they are better drivers than they actually are (M. German). The main point here is that drivers often place a high regard on their driving abilities and skills.They often put too much confidence on their driving that they tend to forget that they are on the road and not simply sitting on their couches at home. So what am I driving at? I mean what am I trying to point out here? crusade is not all about skills, abilitie s and experience it is about discipline. If any driver provided conforms to traffic rules and regulations, there will be lesser road accidents. If every driver just brings a dose of patience on their way, then there should have been lesser vehicle collisions caused by drivers who wanted to own the highways.If parents and elders just teach and show their children the right driving attitude, there should have been much less of the teens that represent 14% of the driving fatalities (AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety). There should not have been about 31,000 of them, aging from 15 to 17 years old who were killed in crashes (AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, 1995 to 2004). Elders should do less of the driving habits like talk on the phone, listening to music, eating and speeding in order to shape the younger generation into disciplined drivers. The law must make sure that the road is close for bad drivers.

Sapakin Kita Diyan

Table of Contents Title Pagei Table of Contentsii Brief History/ ground of the community/Company Profile1 Summary of the OJT Experience5 Assessment of the OJT/Practicum platform9 New loveledge, attitudes, and skills acquired12 Theories actu ally seen in practice17 Feedback that can be disposed(p) to the social club/hotel/restaurant20 Benefits gained Problems encountered23 Appendices A. Company brochure and/or pamphlet25 B. Copy of the Endorsement Letter26 C. Copy of the Training Plan27 D. Copy of the write Waiver Form28 E. Daily Time Record29 F.Quarterly Performance Appraisal Forms30 G. Certificate of Completion31 Brief History/Background of the Company/Company Profile affiliate mesh topology Solutions Inc. is a formed corporation engage in all computer related consumables and parts. We aspire to give exceptional service by providing your needfully in correspondent Consumables Toner, Ink Cartridges, Ribbons of all brands OKI, HP, CANON, SAMSUNG, EPSON, BROTHER, LEXMARK, FU JI XERORX. We also offer Office Equipments Printer, laminator, shredder, Fax machine, Copier, Computer and accessories among theatrical role and computer supplies.We guaranty that we can give you fulfilling commitment in our business with you, improve business practices, and ensure, reliable, bulletproof our product to be releaseed just on clipping. Above all, we value our clients partnerships by guaranteeing terminate customer satisfaction, and we will always provide our partners with the highest level of service and professionalism Summary of the OJT/Experience Assessment of the OJT/Practicum Program New knowledge, attitudes and skills acquired There ar many knowledge, attitudes and skills acquired being an on the trade training in bind Network Solutions Inc.I know how to setup and install high end pressmans. I know how to troubleshoot a printer. On attitude I mustiness go to office betimes dont be late. If you pauperism to be absent tell the manager or any high staff s o they know it early. Be honest and trustworthy. Being a trainee is not only a subject to be passed or a requirement to be complete entirely on the job training is an opportunity to register what skills, talents and techniques that the student knowing from the school and also opportunity to palpate life outside the campus serving companies worry a professional on the field of students specialization. Theories actually seen in practiceFeedback that can be given to the ships company/hotel/restaurant I. Introduction I decided to constitute my on the job training at Link Network Solution Inc. at 5700 Pagulayan St. Poblacion, Makati City. Its a little smirch far from Cubao but I have no choice because I really have a hard time probing for a company where I can have my on the job training with. Good social function my class fellow has a connections on one of the head of that company and luckily, me together with my two other classmate happened to start out our on the job traini ng there. The Link Network Solution Inc. is the fourth company that we had applied.We first submitted our resume to POEA, SSS East Ave and PLDT Mandaluyong, but none of those companies had entertained our application maybe because they al make water have their chosen applier or it may either be because we applied late. I started my on the job training on Jan 2013. It is from 800 am to 500 pm from Monday to Friday. II. PERSONAL ASSESSMENT OF acquirement FROM THE COMPANY A. Cognitive or Intellectual LearningIve learned a lot from the job given to me. I know how to setup a printer, troubleshoot, and deliver an item to a customer. I learned the daily routine inside the office. I also earned how to make a receipt when we deliver some items for our customer. Sometimes I voluntarily deliver when no one is available to do it. I learned every supply or item that we delivered it always have a receipt. I know how to go in different places riding jeeps and other transportation. B. Affective o r Emotional LearningIlearned how to love my job and all the staffs. I learned to appreciate the work given to me. I was so dedicated that I do all my best to give correct service but sometimes there were errors. I also experience that the manager get a little bit mad at us when we argon absent.For the staffs, they were so kind and friendly and I never experience out-of-place there. They treated us like a family. I remembered what the manager said to us, If we are in work, we work. If we are on outside, were friends. I always put that in mind andI became closer to my manager, supervisors and staffs. C. psychomotor or Physical LearningI noticed a lot of improvement on me. I became flexible. I also noticed that I became faster in moving. III. RECOMMENDATIONS a. For myself I must recommend to me that I must omit my tardiness because coming early is really important in the job.I must be ready for all the work that they will give to me because I accept being an on the job applicant from their company. b. For OJT Company I recommend that they place OJT students nearer on the branch where they live, in range to void hassle in travelling. Also in scheduling of time. They must give students earlier schedules in order to go home early especially for those who travel from far places. c. For OJT ProgramI recommend that they must put OJT programs at the earlier years in order to expose students at an early time and to learn the concepts and hands-on training in our industry.They should treat each on the job applicant equally. IV. AREAS TO mend A. About SelfI think I must improve my time management. Sometimes I came late especially on Friday because I must report in school B. For the OJT CompanyI think they must improve the scheduling of time of their OJT students in order to go home early especially for those who travel from far places. C. For the OJT ProgramI think they must improve the OJT program because I felt that we were late on having OJT. We have co-OJT students in other schools and they were only 2ndyear and save they were having an OJT.Benefits gained Problems encountered We are an On the Job Training in a company that focuses on printers so these are the problems that I encountered during our time there. A. Paper Jam If a Kyocera printer has been properly maintained, most constitution flock problems are directly related to the wallpaper that is being used. Although this is never the answer anyone wants to hear, it is the most overlooked subdivision and the simplest to remedy. If persistent jamming is the problem, the first test would be to remove all of the paper in the printer and replace it with paper from a refreshing ream, or of a different manufacturer. plosive consonant the label on the new package of paper to verify the paper meets Kyoceras specifications. Grain structure is very important. Short grain paper will cause frequent jams. Always use long grain paper. Most paper is make to have a top side and a bottom side. This has something to do with grain structure and the inseparable curl of paper. Try flipping the supply of paper over. This will test the curl in case the paper was put into the printer upside-down. If all of these methods do not alleviate the problem, the problem is probably mechanical.Refer to the remaining questions on paper jamming. First check the paper and shuffle it properly. Second if the paper is stock inside the printer. comfortably open the printer tray and remove the specific paper that is jammed. B. Blurred Letters lead if there sedate a toner, remove the drum and shake it and you will know if its empty or not. Check also at the report from the printer and print the status page. C. Poor print quality Check the drum if its dirty or theres something in there. If the drum is dirty wakeful it. Check also the printers charger if its dirty clean it. D.Theres a line on the text Check first the drum of the printer it its dirty clean it. Check the Fuser Kit if it does have a s cratch or have a defect you must change it. E. Empty Toner The toner is empty. The toner needs to be change. F. Invalid Cartridge The programmed chipset is done. G. Routine Maintenance The Charger in the printer needs to be change. The benefits that I gained from our company. We gained so many benefits as an on the job training in Link Network Solutions Inc. We know how to setup and troubleshoot a high-end printer. A. Company brochure and/or pamphlet

Great Gatsby Essay

Not completely does the idea of m oney existence the most only important(p) featureor in slicener means ones partner comes second, it to boot solidities ones class, meaning families are separated just by the amount of notes they have to their names. Fitzgerald illustrates the source of darned love with the alliance of tom turkey Buchanan and Myrtle Wilson, turkey cock, strongly built and hailing from a socially solid old family besides associating with Myrtle, whose lifeless husband George takes a fag out garage in the valley of ashes, representing two extreme classes.McEwan reinforces this musical composition in the relationship between Robbie turner and Cecilia Tallis, Robbie a gardener and Cecilia the daughter of the ministry-employed and wealthy Jack Tallis are also partitioned by class. Consequently, relationships in both novels are doubtlessly doomed due to the impenetrable barriers of class and wealth. Throughout the novel, this theme is reinforced as we disc over a consistent number of tragedies in the majority of relationships.The idea of Gatsbys and Daisys relationship being inevitably doomed is emphasized with the Gatsby using the abstract noun passion showing the obsession he has with Daisy, highlighting the idea of a Romeo and Juliet relationship, one being so in love that it is bound to terminal in tragedy. Additionally, Fitzgerald illuminates doomed love with symbolism describing the portrait of Dan Cody, a man who mirrors the average man in the Ameri dope soceity as a florid man with a hard, empty face which reflects the fickleness of good deal and their materialistic views they solely focus on their wealth over relationships.McEwan reflects such demeanour in briony Tallis story The Princess was well aware of his remorseless wickedness, but that made it no easier to overcome the plentiful love she felt in her heart for Sir Romulus once again initiating the predicament of unconditional love. This is obviously bound to null ify in disaster when such dispute, such as class separation and the importance of money is convoluted in the relationship which reflects Fitzgeralds relationship of Gatsby and Daisy where Gatsby is unbelievably in love with Daisy and til now we know she does non feel quite the same way, again initiating disaster.Symbolism, a feature Fitzgerald continuously employs for the duration of The Great Gatsby additionally emphasizes the theme of doomed loved. Previous to Daisys arrival in Chapter Four, Gatsby exclaimed a few minutes onwards she was due to arrive that Nobodys coming to tea. Its too late and that he butt jointt wait all day, this is a very ironic statement, firstly for the fact he says nobodys coming as we know that Daisy really never does return into Gatsbys life as he wishes she will and secondly that he says its too late and yet hes waited five years to see Daisy. Furthermore, when Gatsby and Daisy first sit down together, the measure took this moment to flip dange rously at the pressure of his head which symbolises the idea of time being a very important theme, the adverb dangerously clearly highlighting how precarious the desire to recapture the past really is. The idea that when the clock fell off the mantelpiece, it stopped, symbolises Gatsbys life, frozen in time, he believing everything between him and Daisy will be exactly as it was, five years earlier.Fitzgerald carries on using symbolism behind all issues in the novel, after the tragic death of Gatsby, Tom Buchanan and Daisy Fay flee to a new house far away(predicate) rather than condescend to attend Gatsbys funeral, They were careless people, Tom and Daisythey smashed up thingsagain mirroring the hollowness of people and the hedonistic attitudes they have to life all they care about is themselves, nobody elses feelings and so this is an additional important factor to why relationships end up in pieces.Furthermore, the green light is some other important symbol in The Great Gatsby representing Gatsbys hopes and dreams for the future. In Chapter One, he stretched out his arms towards a single green light as a guiding light to lead him to his goal Daisy and yet at the end of the novel, we realise his dream was one stuck in the past, impossible to achieve, although Nick as the backward narrator observes, the light does still continue to shine one, symbolising hope for the rest of us and yet so much doom for Gatsby and Daisy and the love between them.The prominent theme of doomed love is additionally supported by McEwans fragmented structure of the novel symbolising the broken hearts of Robbie food turner and Cecilia Tallis which is mirrored in Nicks unreliable narrative voice. An obsession with materialism reflects the hollowness of the people of 1920s America, Gatsby reinforces this object-orientated focus when he cries she only married you because I was poor and she was tired hold for me, obviously highlighting that the only reason Daisy was to marry was fo r money, not the fact she loved thus lighten up doomed love as the relationship is based on money and materialism.Fitzgerald uses wealth imagery to see Daisy Her voice is full of money symbolising the need for money as a support for her own personality. Kevin Rea writes the sense of hope conveyed by yellow is still present in the light and music. But the fact the earth lurches away from the sun hints at the transient powers wealth bestows which again illuminates the theme of money being so important, yet underneath it only leads to disaster in relationships in the novel again initiating the theme of doomed love. Incredibly, Gatsby himself is one factor of his own relationship with Daisy being so doomed.Blinded by the astronomic amount of love he has for her, Gatsby states Cant repeat the past? Why of course you brush aside , emphasizing the unachievable expectations he has, all he wants to do is regress to five years before and reunite perfectly with his love, but coincidently w e know this is quite the opposite of what happens. Furthermore Gatsby wants something of Daisy that she cant give, an unachievable statement, for her to just tell him the truth, that you never loved him and its all wiped out forevermore about Tom, but we know this cant happen as Daisys love for Tom was once real and strong as narrated in Jordans vignette.Fitzgerald uses an abundance of pathetic fallacy passim the novel in coordination with the theme of doomed love. Gatsby and Daisys first meeting seems particularly awkward which reflects the tolerate, displacesmall muddy swamps and prehistoric marshes reinforcing the mood. Additionally, as Gatsby and Daisy began to click and bond the sun shone again initiating an optimistic and blissful mood. Sorrow returns at the tragic funeral of Gatsby along with the miserable weather, inscrutable drizzle, rain poured down his thick glasses showing doom in any love between him and Daisy.Likewise, McEwan uses pathetic fallacy, Leon asks Cece lia if the hot weather makes her behave badly, this weather reflecting the difficulties between Robbie and Cecelia, the weather a hindrance, an obstruction, a way of creating misery in ones life, mirroring Briony Tallis role in Atonement and how she destroys and completely gets in the way of the relationship, hence illuminating the theme of doomed love and reflecting The Great Gatsby in the way Gatsby is an obstruction with his own draw with Daisy Fay.As we begin to draw close to the end of The Great Gatsby, we come across the reunited relationship of Daisy and Tom sitting opposite each other. Fitzgerald describes the couple they werent happyand yet they werent sad either mirroring the people of 1920s America, in the Jazz Age, as Gertrude Stein stated they were the lost generation and had no real point to life and so lived unhappily, happily.Although this image of the two sitting together not showing compassion or love could represent doomed love, some could alternatively say tha t this relationship, which looked doomed at the start, is now the only good, strong one left, contradicting the theme. Mike Peters writes not only Gatsby, but several(prenominal) of the other characters remain enigmas, showing mysteriousness to the characters in Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby, maybe Gatsby did only love Daisy for the money or maybe Daisy never loved Tom?None of us can know, excluding Fitzgerald, we have no final conclusions to draw. However, it is clear that in the heartless and materialism obsessed society that Fitzgerald creates, it is only the most bungle relationship that survives at the end. To finally conclude, Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby leaves us with nothing but disappointment, which shows contrast to McEwans Atonement which wherefore leaves us with the possibility of hope and faith.Fitzgerald leaves us with sadness and we feel sympathy for the characters in the book, they all seem lost and seeking for something and yet the only solution they discover is m oney, highlighting again the theme of doomed love, money before love. The death of Myrtle Wilson devastates hers and Georges relationship which is obviously the head of her materialistic values and her longing for Toms money, her main focus in a man was his money, this is highlighted when she says that Oh, is that your suit? I said. This is the first I ever heard about it. But I gave it to him and then I lay down and cried to beat the band all afternoon reinforcing the idea that wealth is of broad importance to her. Gatsby obviously dead and Tom and Daisy reunited, but only on the thread of a string, all these sorrows as a precede of money and class partition. Additionally, the death of Robbie Turner in Atonement is the result of class partitioning and so is also highlighting the theme of doomed love, a major theme in both F. Scott. Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby and Ian McEwans Atonement.

Sulfuric acid

The resulting crap (II) sulfate upshot when cooled can easy crystallize which is in the solid form and the amount of product can be accurately mensurable by using electronic balance to get the mass of the The experiment is carried out to inscribe the component part crystal create. Yield of the salt formed. The percentage yield is the percentage of purity of the product that we want and the existent yield is always less than the theoretical value as there are many factors to rival the purity Of the product such as environmental factor, systematic error, random error and others.Therefore, it is very bad to get a 100% yield throughout the experiment. Objective To make a salt and to calculate the percentage yield of the salt. Reagents & Apparatus 20 ml Sulfuric acid MM, g Copper (II) carbonate, etna burner, Tripod support, Gauze, White tile, Filter funnel and stress news report, Glass rod, 100 ml Glass beaker, Conical flask 250 ml Petri dish, Balance Spatula, Procedure Stag e 1 1 Add 20 ml MM sulfuric acid in a 100 ml beaker. Heat carefully on the tripod with a blueness flame until nearly boiling. 2 When the acid is hot enough, turn off the Bunsen burner and stand the beaker on a white tile. Use a spatula to add small portions of copper (II) carbonate into the beaker. The answer is exothermic, so be careful when adding the solid. instigate the mixture gently for about half a arcminute after each addition. 4 When all the copper (II) carbonate has been added, allow the beaker to cool slightly meanwhile set up Stage 2. Stage 2 5 Fold a filter newsprint to fit into a filter funnel, and put it in the funnel. Place the funnel in the neck of a conical flask. 6 When the beaker is cool enough to hold at the top, shoot the contents into the filter paper in the funnel. Gently swirl the contents to mix allow to filter through. Rinse the beaker and pour the Lear blue root back into it. Boil the solution until the volume is half the original volume. Cool the solution. 8 defy the mass off dry out Petri dish label it with your group number. Carefully pour the warm solution into the dish and leave aside for a week. 9 After one week, obtain the mass of the dry crystals. Result 1 What was the color of copper (II) carbonate? What was the color of the solution produced after the reaction? in front reaction (Copper (II) Carbonate) After reaction (Copper (II) Sulfate) Color Green Blue 2 Describe your crystals.The crystal formed is in blue rhombic shape. 3 Mass of the dry crystals = 3. Egg Precaution steps 1 . The position of eyes must be perpendicular to the scale of measuring cylinder to suspend parallax error. 2. Stir the mixture gently to ensure the copper(al) carbonate, is fully reacted with sulfuric acid, 3. Handle the acidic solution using gloves to avoid the acid from splitting to the hands. Discussion 1 Calculate the theoretical yield of crystals that could have been made. + (as) (as) +(l) + (g) = ml=20 =o. Moll -0. 02 x (249. 5) = 0. Mol -?4. Egg Mass of the crystal () 2 Calculate the percentage yield. dowry yield = x 100% = x 100% = 63. 93% 3 a) Is it possible to prepare copper (II) sulfate if we start with copper (II) oxide and sulfuric acid? If so, cite the procedure. Yes, it is possible to prepare copper (II) sulfate if we start with copper(al) oxide and sulfuric acid. To prepare copper (II) sulfate , prepare of the O. MM sulfuric acid and pour portions of copper(al) oxide is added to the beaker until excess. Stir the mixture and pour into the filter funnel.The filtrate is then heated until the illume becomes half and cools the solution to crystallize. The crystal which is copper (II) sulfate will be formed. The crystal is then rinsed with water and dried with filter paper. B) Is it possible to prepare copper (II) sulfate if we start with copper metal and sulfuric acid? If so, describe the procedure. No, because the position of copper ion is lower than hydrogen ion in electrochemical series . Hence, it doesnt react with acid. Conclusion As the conclusion, it shows that salt can be made by reacting acid with metal carbonate together.

Vacation Spots

spend Spots Vacation in paradise is the most important event in ones life and every place in the world, people find a glorious space where a family set up bond and enjoy the period that they have being together. A family is given two pass spots to acquire, Destin, Florida which is topical anesthetic and the other is Palma go back which is in Surigao, Philippines. Both vacation spots have similarities, the family ordain face a lot of challenges spend removed the United States rather than vacationing locally.One important inconsistency in vacationing between Destin, Florida and Palma Resort is the venue or location. Vacationing in Destin, Florida requires on a family to drive and a choice to fly to reach their destination while going to Palma Resort, Surigao, Philippines, and a family can go there by flying and no other way is available. The family also leave behind be safe to profess around the city while vacationing locally while in Palma Resort the family is only safe i f they stay within the boundaries of the resort otherwise safety is at your get risk.Another residual between vacationing locally in Destin, Florida and Palma Resort is the live that will come up. Vacationing in Destin, Florida, the cost would be minimal and affordable among middle class family. The family can also use their own car to travel to reach their Kwong 2 destination and this would save a lot on a budgeted vacation. Travel measure is not imposed while vacationing locally. On the other hand vacationing outside the United States in Palma Resort, Surigao, Philippines will incur a higher cost in airf are.It will cost a family of five at least $10,000 nevertheless to purchase airfare to the Philippines and this does include the fare to go the resort which is estimated between $1,500 to $2,000 per family of five (5), travel tax is imposed by the airport authorities since the family is just visiting a foreign country. The family has to rent a car or a van to venture out of th e resort because there is no public transportation available around those areas which is another cost to account for.Vacationing in Palma Resort, Surigao, Philippines can be very expensive and will have to face the snow flurry of transferring from one airport to another to reach their vacation spot. The time alone to travel will quest its toll on the family which is 19 hours of escape valve time from the United States to the Philippine and another 2 hours of flight time to reach the island while vacationing locally the family would normally spend 14 hours of drive time or 3 hours of flight time one or the other. Also the expectation of what kind of diet or dishes being served can also be a factor, dining or having lunch outside the U.S. can be an experience the family would never forget. Destin, Florida and Palma Resort, Surigao, Philippines is two of the best vacation spots a family would perchance go. It is up to the family and their budgets where they want to go, if they pre fer to save, then they should choose Destin, Florida and if they could afford to spend extravagantly then it is recommended that they choose Palma Resort, Surigao, Philippines because they would enjoy the fun and adventure the place would provide and the experience of having authentic dishes being served and the hospitality of local people would show to them.Kwong 3 Vacation Spots Thesis Both vacation spots are amazing, but staying within the borders of the United States is better than dealing with international complications I. Venue A. Destin 1. Can be dictated to 2. Within United States border 3. skilful to venture B. Surigao, Philippines 1. Have to fly 2. Outside the United States-SW Asia 3. Safe within the boundaries of the resort but not outside. II. Cost A. Destin 1. Affordable for family vacation 2. Usage of family car 3.Travel tax not imposed B. Surigao, Philippines 1. High Cost 2. Rental Car or Van 3. Travel assess imposed Kwong 4 III. Travel Time/Food A. Destin 1. It t akes 14 hours drive time 2. Dishes are well-known(prenominal)/American Food 3. Familiar Hospitality B. Surigao, Philippines 1. It takes 19 hours fly time to reach the Philippines and another 2 hours fly time to reach Island and additional 2 hours drive time to destination. 2. Native Dishes/Filipino dishes 3. strange hospitality or customs.

The Human Genome Project

The homo Genome throw (HGP) is a jut out under falln with a destination to regard the genetic organize-up of the world species by determinusining the desoxyribonucleic acid sequence of the world genome and the genome of a few model organisms. The project began in 1990 and, by approximately definitions, it was undefiled in 2003. It was unmatchable of the biggest investigational projects in the history of attainment. The single-valued function of the merciful genes was an important step in the development of euphonys and opposite(a) aspects of health c be.Most of the genome deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing for the gentlemans gentleman Genome Project was done by police detectives at universities and re essay centers in the the coupled States and Great Britain, with former(a) genome deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing done independently by the private company Celera Genomics. The HGP was origin each(prenominal) toldy aimed at the more than troika billion nucleotide s contained in a haploid reference benevolent genome. Recently several groups cede announce confinements to extend this to diploid human genomes including the foreign HapMap Project, Applied Bio systems, Perlegen, Illumina, JCVI, Personal Genome Project, and Roche-454.The genome of any given individual (except for like twins and cloned tools) is unique mapping the human genome involves sequencing multiple variants of each gene. The project did not study all of the DNA found in human cells some heterochromatic beas (about 8% of the total) remain un-sequenced. International HGP Initiation of the Project was the culmination of several years of reach supported by the Department of Energy, in particular workshops in 1984 1 and 1986 and a subsequent initiative the Department of Energy. 2 This 1986 report stated boldly, The ultimate remnant of this initiative is to understand the human genome and Knowledge of the human genome is as necessary to the continuing progress of medicin e and some other health sciences as knowledge of human anatomy has been for the present state of medicine. Candidate technologies were already being considered for the proposed undertaking at to the lowest degree as early as 1985. 3 James D. Watson was Head of the National Center for Human Genome Research at the National Institutes of wellness (NIH) in the United States starting from 1988.Largely due to his disagreement with his boss, Bernadine Healy, all over the issue of patenting genes, he was forced to resign in 1992. He was replaced by Francis Collins in April 1993, and the throw of the Center was permuted to the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) in 1997. The $3-billion project was figure of speechally founded in 1990 by the United States Department of Energy and the U. S. National Institutes of Health, and was expected to take 15 years. In addition to the United States, the international consortium comprised geneticists in China, France, Ger more, Japan, and the United Kingdom.Due to widespread international cooperation and advances in the field of genomics (especially in sequence analysis), as well as major advances in computing technology, a rough draft of the genome was finished in 2000 ( inform jointly by wherefore US president Bill Clinton and British Prime Minister Tony Blair on June 26, 2000). 4 Ongoing sequencing led to the announcement of the essentially complete genome in April 2003, 2 years earlier than planned. 5 In May 2006, another milestone was passed on the way to completion of the project, when the sequence of the last chromosome was contract in the journal Nature. 6 There be multiple definitions of the complete sequence of the human genome. According to some of these definitions, the genome has already been completely sequenced, and according to other definitions, the genome has yet to be completely sequenced. There pose been multiple commonplace press articles reporting that the genome was complete. The ge nome has been completely sequenced using the definition employed by the International Human Genome Project. A graphical history of the human genome project shows that intimately of the human genome was complete by the end of 2003.However, at that place are a keep down of regions of the human genome that can be considered unfinished. First, the central regions of each chromosome, known as centromeres, are highly repetitive DNA sequences that are difficult to sequence using current technology. The centromeres are billions (possibly tens of millions) of innovation twins long, and for the most part these are entirely un-sequenced. Second, the ends of the chromosomes, called telomeres, are as well highly repetitive, and for most of the 46 chromosome ends these too are incomplete.We do not know precisely how much sequence remains originally we reach the telomeres of each chromosome, that as with the centromeres, current technology does not make it easy to set there. Third, there are several loci in each individuals genome that contain members of multigene families that are difficult to disentangle with scattergun sequencing methodologies these multigene families often encode proteins important for immune functions. It is likely that the centromeres and telomeres depart remain un-sequenced until fresh technology is developed that facilitates their sequencing.Other than these regions, there remain a few dozen gaps scattered around the genome, some of them rather large, but there is hope that all these go away be closed in the next couple of years. In summary our best estimates of total genome size indicate that about 92% of the genome has been completed . Most of the stay DNA is highly repetitive and foreignly to contain genes, but we cannot truly know until we sequence all of it. Understanding the functions of all the genes and their regulation is far from complete.The roles of junk DNA, the evolution of the genome, the differences between individuals , and legion(predicate) other questions are stock-still the subject of intense study by laboratories all over the world. Goals The goals of the original HGP were not whole to determine more than 3 billion install pairs in the human genome with a minimal wrongdoing rate, but also to identify all the genes in this vast amount of data. This part of the project is still ongoing, although a preliminary count indicates about 30,000 genes in the human genome, which is fewer than predicted by many scientists.Another goal of the HGP was to develop faster, more efficient methods for DNA sequencing and sequence analysis and the transfer of these technologies to industry. The sequence of the human DNA is retentivenessd in databases available to anyone on the Internet. The U. S. National Center for Biotechnology Information (and sister organizations in europium and Japan) house the gene sequence in a database known as Genbank, along with sequences of known and supposed(p) genes and prote ins.Other organizations such as the University of California, Santa Cruz1, and Ensembl2 present additional data and annotation and powerful tools for visualizing and searching it. Computer programs have been developed to analyze the data, because the data themselves are difficult to interpret without such programs. The process of identifying the boundaries between genes and other features in raw DNA sequence is called genome annotation and is the domain of bioinformatics.While expert biologists make the best annotators, their work proceeds slowly, and computer programs are increasingly apply to meet the high-throughput demands of genome sequencing projects. The best current technologies for annotation make use of statistical models that take advantage of parallels between DNA sequences and human language, using concepts from computer science such as formal grammars. Another, often overlooked, goal of the HGP is the study of its ethical, legal, and social implications.It is importan t to research these issues and uprise the most appropriate solutions before they become large dilemmas whose effect volition manifest in the form of major political concerns. All man have unique gene sequences therefore the data produce by the HGP does not represent the exact sequence of each and every individuals genome. It is the combined genome of a small number of anonymous conferrers. The HGP genome is a scaffold for future work in identifying differences among individuals. Most of the current effort in identifying differences among individuals involves single nucleotide polymorphisms and the HapMap.How it was accomplished Funding came from the US government through the National Institutes of Health in the United States, and the UK charity, the Wellcome Trust, who funded the Sanger Institute (then the Sanger oculus) in Great Britain, as well as numerous other groups from around the world. The genome was broken into smaller pieces approximately 150,000 base pairs in length . These pieces are called bacterial artificial chromosomes, or BACs, because they can be inserted into bacteria where they are copied by the bacterial DNA replication machinery.Each of these pieces was then sequenced independently as a small shotgun project and then assembled. The larger, 150,000 base pairs go together to bring to pass chromosomes. This is known as the hierarchical shotgun rise, because the genome is for the first time broken into relatively large chunks, which are then mapped to chromosomes before being selected for sequencing. Celera Genomics HGP In 1998, a similar, privately funded quest was launched by the American researcher Craig tum and his besotted Celera Genomics.The $300 million Celera effort was intended to proceed at a faster pace and at a fraction of the cost of the roughly $3 billion publicly funded project. Celera utilise a riskier technique called whole genome shotgun sequencing, which had been used to sequence bacterial genomes of up to six m illion base pairs in length, but not for anything nearly as large as the three thousand million base pair human genome. Celera initially announced that it would seek patent protection on single 200-300 genes, but later amended this to seeking intellectual property protection on fully-characterized important structures amounting to 100-300 targets.The firm eventually filed preliminary (place-holder) patent applications on 6,500 whole or partial genes. Celera also promised to publish their findings in accordance with the terms of the 1996 Bermuda Statement, by releasing new data quarterly (the HGP released its new data daily), although, unlike the publicly funded project, they would not permit free redistribution or commercial use of the data. In March 2000, hot seat Clinton announced that the genome sequence could not be patented, and should be made freely available to all researchers.The debate sent Celeras stock plummeting and dragged down the biotechnology-heavy Nasdaq. The bio technology sector lost about $50 billion in market capitalization in two days. Although the working draft was announced in June 2000, it was not until February 2001 that Celera and the HGP scientists published details of their drafts. Special issues of Nature (which published the publicly funded projects scientific paper)7 and Science (which published Celeras paper8) described the methods used to produce the draft sequence and offered analysis of the sequence.These drafts covered about 83% of the genome (90% of the euchromatic regions with 150,000 gaps and the piece and orientation of many segments not yet established). In February 2001, at the time of the joint publications, press releases announced that the project had been completed by both groups. Improved drafts were announced in 2003 and 2005, filling in to 92% of the sequence currently. The argument proved to be very good for the project, spurring the public groups to modify their strategy in order to accelerate progress. T he rivals initially agreed to pool their data, but the agreement ell apart when Celera refused to deposit its data in the unrestricted public database GenBank. Celera had incorporated the public data into their genome, but forbade the public effort to use Celera data. HGP is the most well known of many international genome projects aimed at sequencing the DNA of a specific organism. While the human DNA sequence offers the most tangible benefits, important developments in biota and medicine are predicted as a result of the sequencing of model organisms, including mice, growth flies, zebrafish, yeast, nematodes, plants, and many microbial organisms and parasites.In 2004, researchers from the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium (IHGSC) of the HGP announced a new estimate of 20,000 to 25,000 genes in the human genome. 9 Previously 30,000 to 40,000 had been predicted, while estimates at the start of the project reached up to as high as 2,000,000. The number continues to flu ctuate and it is now expected that it will take many years to agree on a precise value for the number of genes in the human genome. History In 1976, the genome of the virus Bacteriophage MS2 was the first complete genome to be determined, by Walter Fiers and his team at the University of Ghent (Ghent, Belgium). 10 The idea for the shotgun technique came from the use of an algorithm that combined sequence information from many small fragments of DNA to reconstruct a genome. This technique was pioneered by Frederick Sanger to sequence the genome of the Phage ? -X174, a tiny virus called a bacteriophage that was the first fully sequenced genome (DNA-sequence) in 1977. 11 The technique was called shotgun sequencing because the genome was broken into millions of pieces as if it had been blasted with a shotgun.In order to scale up the method, both the sequencing and genome fabrication had to be machine-controlled, as they were in the 1980s. Those techniques were shown applicable to sequ encing of the first free-living bacterial genome (1. 8 million base pairs) of Haemophilus influenzae in 1995 12 and the first animal genome (100 Mbp) 13 It involved the use of automated sequencers, longer individual sequences using approximately 500 base pairs at that time. Paired sequences separated by a fixed distance of around 2000 base pairs which were faultfinding elements enabling the development f the first genome assembly programs for reconstruction of large regions of genomes (aka contigs). Three years later, in 1998, the announcement by the newly-formed Celera Genomics that it would scale up the shotgun sequencing method to the human genome was greeted with skepticism in some circles. The shotgun technique breaks the DNA into fragments of various sizes, ranging from 2,000 to 300,000 base pairs in length, forming what is called a DNA library. victimization an automated DNA sequencer the DNA is read in 800bp lengths from both ends of each fragment.Using a decomposable geno me assembly algorithm and a supercomputer, the pieces are combined and the genome can be reconstructed from the millions of short, 800 base pair fragments. The success of both the public and privately funded effort hinged upon a new, more highly automated capillary tubing DNA sequencing machine, called the Applied Biosystems 3700, that ran the DNA sequences through an fundamentally fine capillary tube rather than a flat gel. Even more critical was the development of a new, larger-scale genome assembly program, which could traction the 30-50 million sequences that would be required to sequence the entire human genome with this method.At the time, such a program did not exist. One of the first major projects at Celera Genomics was the development of this assembler, which was written in parallel with the construction of a large, highly automated genome sequencing factory. The first version of this assembler was demonstrated in 2000, when the Celera team joined forces with Professor Gerald Rubin to sequence the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster using the whole-genome shotgun method14. At 130 million base pairs, it was at least 10 times larger than any genome previously shotgun assembled.One year later, the Celera team published their assembly of the three billion base pair human genome. How it was accomplished The IHGSC used pair-end sequencing plus whole-genome shotgun mapping of large (100 Kbp) plasmid clones and shotgun sequencing of smaller plasmid sub-clones plus a variety of other mapping data to orient and check the assembly of each human chromosome7. The Celera group tried whole-genome shotgun sequencing without using the additional mapping scaffolding8, but by including shredded public data raised questions 15.Whose genome was sequenced? In the IHGSC international public-sector Human Genome Project (HGP), researchers collected blood (fe manlike) or sperm (male) samples from a large number of donors. Only a few of many collected samples were processed a s DNA resources. Thus the donor identities were protected so neither donors nor scientists could know whose DNA was sequenced. DNA clones from many divers(prenominal) libraries were used in the overall project, with most of those libraries being created by Dr.Pieter J. de Jong. It has been informally reported, and is well known in the genomics community, that much of the DNA for the public HGP came from a single anonymous male donor from Buffalo, New York (code name RP11). 16 HGP scientists used snow-clad blood cells from the blood of 2 male and 2 female donors (randomly selected from 20 of each) each donor grant a separate DNA library. One of these libraries (RP11) was used considerably more than others, due to quality considerations.One claw technical issue is that male samples contain only half as much DNA from the X and Y chromosomes as from the other 22 chromosomes (the autosomes) this happens because each male cell contains only one X and one Y chromosome, not two like ot her chromosomes (autosomes). (This is true for nearly all male cells not just sperm cells). Although the main sequencing phase of the HGP has been completed, stu chokes of DNA variation continue in the International HapMap Project, whose goal is to identify patterns of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) groups (called haplotypes, or haps).The DNA samples for the HapMap came from a total of 270 individuals Yoruba passel in Ibadan, Nigeria Japanese people in Tokyo Han Chinese in Beijing and the French Centre dEtude du Polymorphisms Humain (CEPH) resource, which consisted of residents of the United States having ancestry from Western and Northern Europe. In the Celera Genomics private-sector project, DNA from five different individuals were used for sequencing. The lead scientist of Celera Genomics at that time, Craig Venter, later acknowledged (in a public letter to the journal Science) that his DNA was one of those in the pool17.On September 4th, 2007, a team led by Craig Venter, published his complete DNA sequence18, institution the six-billion-letter genome of a single individual for the first time. Benefits The work on interpretation of genome data is still in its initial stages. It is anticipated that detailed knowledge of the human genome will provide new avenues for advances in medicine and biotechnology. Clear practical results of the project emerged even before the work was finished.For example, a number of companies, such as Myriad Genetics started offering easy ways to administer genetic tests that can show sensitiveness to a variety of illnesses, including breast cancer, disorders of hemostasis, cystic fibrosis, liver sicknesss and many others. Also, the etiologies for cancers, Alzheimers disease and other areas of clinical spare-time activity are considered likely to benefit from genome information and possibly may lead in the long term to world-shaking advances in their management. There are also many tangible benefits for biological scient ists.For example, a researcher investigating a certain(p) form of cancer may have narrowed down his/her search to a particular gene. By visiting the human genome database on the worldwide web, this researcher can sample what other scientists have written about this gene, including (potentially) the three-dimensional structure of its product, its function(s), its evolutionary relationships to other human genes, or to genes in mice or yeast or fruit flies, possible detrimental mutations, interactions with other genes, be tissues in which this gene is activated, diseases associated with this gene or other datatypes.Further, deeper understanding of the disease processes at the level of molecular(a) biology may determine new therapeutic procedures. Given the established importance of DNA in molecular biology and its central role in determining the fundamental operation of cellular processes, it is likely that grow knowledge in this area will facilitate medical advances in numerous are as of clinical absorb that may not have been possible without them. The analysis of similarities between DNA sequences from different organisms is also interruption new avenues in the study of the theory of evolution.In many cases, evolutionary questions can now be border in terms of molecular biology indeed, many major evolutionary milestones (the development of the ribosome and organelles, the development of embryos with carcass plans, the vertebrate immune system) can be related to the molecular level. Many questions about the similarities and differences between humans and our closest relatives (the primates, and indeed the other mammals) are expected to be illuminated by the data from this project.The Human Genome Diversity Project, spinoff research aimed at mapping the DNA that varies between human ethnic groups, which was rumored to have been halted, rattling did continue and to date has yielded new conclusions. In the future, HGDP could possibly expose new data in disea se surveillance, human development and anthropology. HGDP could unlock secrets behind and create new strategies for managing the vulnerability of ethnic groups to certain diseases (see move in biomedicine). It could also show how human populations have corrected to these vulnerabilities.The Human Genome ProjectWhen populations start to die there are only so many to choose from for genes. A founder effect will then be created (Welsch 73). The Human Genome Project set out to identify all the genetic fabric in humans (Welsch 265). Another type of variation is different from genes it is physiological. Our blood type is a protein on our red blood cells and delivers oxygen and immune responses ( Welsch 267).We are only able to give blood to those who have our same blood type unless we have the blood type that is the universal donor. We have a promoter who has suffered miscarriages, the most recent was 26 weeks along. Her body keeps rejecting the baby and they are not sure what the cau se is. They are sure that it is not the RH factor.The white blood cells also have their own set of proteins, the human leukocyte antigen system (HLA). This system protects our bodies from foreign objects or infectious agents (Welsch 268). Even within our families we are varied because we will not all have the same combination of the system. We all react to infections and diseases differently. My husband is highly supersensitised to artificial smells. His system seems to be in overdrive.When he was in the military his bunk mate sprayed unfermented aerosol deodorant and his throat closed up. He then realized he could not handle anything artificial. My friends cousin had a double lung transplant last year. Several months after her transplant she got an infection and her body rejected her new lungs and she passed away. I think her rejection to the new lungs was because of the differences in the HLA system of her body and the donors.Our bodies also adapt and look different from others in our skin tone and our body types. These traits are not as significant in our bodily functions but are varied nonetheless. W all can have different hair color, skin color, and shape and sizes. Our skin does not really have color, it has a pigment called melanin ( Welsch 271). Depending on where the person lived they may have more melanin production and have darker skin. Some can also be tall and skin or short and chubby.We measure this through the anthropometry. It helps determine the variations we see. We put these measurements in the cormic index, which is seated height to standing height ( Welsch 273). The intemembral index is the ratio of arm length to leg length (Welsch 273). dust fat is determined by the BMI or body mass index. A person can be too skinny or too fat and have a BMI that is not healthy. Another variation is race. This our societys system for classifying people based on how they look. These differences are believed to reflect the root of genetic and biological differences.We also adapt to the environments we encounter. We can either allow our environment to change us or we can change the environment. To bring home the bacon we have to figure out what needs to change and react accordingly. We have to have a certain plasticity. We all change during our hearttime and it comes somewhat from our surroundings. We can perform niche construction and make our environment suitable to our living conditions. On the farm my in laws own they do several things to keep in line their success.They have to give the cows shots to make sure they are healthy enough for reproduction and the babies will be healthy enough to be sold. They take care of the grass and the other parts of the drink down to ensure the cows are fed during the spring, summer and fall. They make sure that there is enough hay to feed them during the winter. As parents we have the ability to help our children adapt. To set them up for success in life as humans. We teach our children ho w to cook, clean, read, and write.The ability to care for themselves spans across generations. They will teach their own children these abilities to adapt and survive in the world around them. We pass this on to them through extra-genetic inheritance. We have a new emergence of new species through speciation. Differences can be so vast that it becomes a totally different species. such as the dog and the wolf. Both have canine but the wolf is considered a different species.phylogenesis takes place as we experience different things in our culture. We have to adapt as our culture changes. The constructivist approach shows that our biology is a process of construction (Welsch 239). Our bodies work in combination with our genes to affect how genes can be expressed or epigenetic system of inheritance ( Welsch 240). When our genes are altered we can pass those down to our children change how their bodies work and how they behave.The way we raise our children affects how they will behave as adults. If we are nurturing, loving and kind to our children close to all of the time these will be the traits they possess unless they have something else going on biologically. If we behave prejudicial with our children and this is all they see they will in turn possess those traits. This is the portal system of inheritance. We also store symbols and communicate them with others around us, showing the world our understanding through them.The symbols we use come from the symbolic system of inheritance. Through manipulating the world around us and changing the world around us it is important to our biocultural evolution. metamorphose is an important part of who we are. Just as when we move into a new home, a new town, new school, and even a new job we change and construct the environment to fit our needs. We do certain things so we can fit in and feel comfortable. It allows us to thrive. We even try to change the region we live on.Another aspect of biocultural evolution is t he evolution of our behaviors. Sociobiology explains our behaviors as related to our biological component (Welsch 245). Our behavior can also be influenced by the earth and social things going on around us. This comes from the human behavioral ecology (HBE) (Welsch 246). We adapt our behavior to our society so that we can fit and continue to evolve. Our behaviors are directly connected to our biological self.This comes from biological determinism (Welsch 247). Some of them come forward or (emergence) based on who we see and interact with in our daily lives. We adapt and change through our diet, moving to different places, and sometimes we even change our bodies through modification to make ourselves fit in. Just like runway models who extreme diet and workout to be tiny enough to be considered for the runway. This shapes our cultures around the world and how we all contemplate each other.Everyone in this world is so unique. No two people even family members will be completely ident ical. Our bodies adapt and varied through the generations to be continued successfully. We all try to fit in with our behaviors so that our true biological self can come forward. We need to be conscious in the things we teach our children because they will be the next generation and bring forth a new culture. deeds CitedWelsch, Robert Louis, et al. Anthropology Asking Questions about Human Origins, Diversity, and Culture. Oxford University Press, 2017.